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A Lake Tou r 




ICTURESQUE 



ACKINAC 




HISTORICAL A^^D DESCRIPTIVF.. 



By C. D. WHITCOMB. 



DETROIT, MICH. 

1884. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, m the year 1884, 

By C. D. WHITCOMB, 
In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 



CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Vacation 5 

Where to Go 6 

Cleveland — Fares to Mackinac Island 8 

" Historical 14 

' Leaving time of steamers City of Detroit and Northwest, 18 

Description of steamer's engines 18 

" Courses and running time of steamers, and points of 

interest en-route from 20 

Detroit — Historical 24 

Fares from Cleveland and Detroit to summer resorts of 

Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior 36 

Fares from Detroit to Mackinac Island 38 

St. Clair Flats, cottages, club houses and hotels of squatters 42 

Marine City 45 

St. Clair Mineral Spring 43 

The Oakland Hotel 49 

Port Huron and Huronia Beach 54 

Fort Gratiot, courses from 56 

Sand Beach 58 

Oscoda 68 

Harrisville 70 

Alpena 72 

Cheboygan 78 

" Trip through the Island lakes to Petoskey 80 

Mackinac Island — Historical 82 

" Descriptive 86 

" Points of Interest 89 

" Summer Resort Association 94 

" Annals by D. H. Keiton 96 

St. ignace — Historical 98 

One Hundred Islands-Sault Ste. Marie-Manistique-Mackinac City.. 102 

Petoskey — Bay View 104 

Harbor Springs — Charlevoix 105 

Courses, Running Time and Points of Interest from Mackinac Island 

to Detroit and Detroit to Cleveland 108 

Jeff 109 

Time Table Steamers City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland 110 

24 O'clock System , Ill 



ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. 

Steamer City of Mackinac, from a painting by S. A. Whipple .Cover 

Mackinac Island, from a painting inst'rCityof Mackinac, by R. Echlin 7 

Cleveland — Viaduct 9 

" Lake View Park 11 

" Harbor, from painting in stm'r City of Detroit, by R. Echlin 13 

High Bridge Glens, Cuyahoga Falls, 15 

17 

" Light House 19 

" Scene in Public Square 21 

" Gordon Park 23 

Wade Park 25 

St. Clair Mineral Spring — River Bank 27 

Front Street 29 

" " Driving Park .. 31 

Detroit — From a painting in Steamer City of Cleveland, by R. Echlin 33 

St. Clair Mineral Springs — View in Oakland Grove 37 

Detroit — General offices, warehouse and wharf D. & C. S. N. Co. ... 39 
St. Clair Flats and Government Canal — Sketched by Ed. Molitor. ... 41 

St. Clair Mineral Spring — River Bank 43 

School 45 

Bowling Alley of the Oakland House 47 

Somerville School River Front 49 

School and Church 51 

Drive Along the River Bank 53 

Port Huron — Bird's Eye View of River. Sketched by Ed. Molitor... 55 

Mackinac Island — Leaning Rock and View of Main Street 57 

Sand Beach — Bird's Eye View of Harbor sketched by Ed. Molitor. ... 59 

St, Clair Mineral Springs — Drive on River Road 61 

" " River scene 63 

Mackinac Island — Fort Holmes 65 

Arch Rock 67 

Oscoda — Bird's Eye View of Harbor, sketched by Ed. Mol-tor 69 

Alpena — " " " " " " " ...... 71 

Mackinac Island — Sugar Loaf, or Pyramid Rock 73 

" " Lover's Leap 75 

Camping scene, .near Mullett Lake House 77 

Cheboygan — Bird's Eye View of Harbor, skrtched by Ed. Molitor. . . 79 
" View on Inland lakes route to Petoskey, Indian River.. 81 

Mackinac Island — Bird's Eye View, sketched by Ed. Molitor 83 

John Jacob Aster House 85 

On the Beach 87 

View of Traverse City 89 

Robinson's Folly 91 

Family Scene at Bay View 93 

Mission House 95 

Gun Platform, Fort Mackinac 97 

St. Ignace — Connection of steamers and railroad 99 

St. Clair Mineral Spring — Residences near 101 

One Hundred Islands — Camp of Pittsburg Rod and Gun Club 103 

Petoskey— Old Chief . . .105 

Harbor Springs — Margaret Boyd and Son . 107 

Jeff— Last Call for Dinner 109 

24 O'clock Dial Ill 

Cabin plans City of Mack , City of Cleve., City of Det., Northwest.. 1 12 




A Lake Tour 



ICTURESQ UE 



VACATION. — Herbert Spencer, in his after dinner speech at the 
New York banquet said ; " We have had somewhat too much of the 
gospel of work. It is time to preach the gospel of relaxation." 

Looking all around us upon this high pressure of American life, we 
cannot but be convinced of the truth of these words. The editor of the 
Popular Science Monthly, commenting upon some objections and mis- 
apprehensions which were raised regarding this speech, says : " Mr. 
Spencer did not so much condemn strenuous work, in which, indeed' 
he believes, as the lack of compensating recreations to countervail its 
mischievous effects." And again, " he has proved the value of recre- 
ation as tributary, not only to length of life, but to the perfection of work." 

We all know that to repair the exhaustion of nerve and brain, to 
which people of active intellects are every day subjected, there is no 
cure but absolute rest. And rest does not merely mean a cessation of 
work, but a diversion of the mind into new and pleasant channels. This 
can be most successfully accomplished by a return to Nature, and a 
complete surrender of one's self to her kindly ministrations. 

It seems like idleness to be lolling around at the seashore, at the 
country farm, or among the mountains, but it is really a repairmg and 
oiling of the human machinery, necessary to the better future accom- 
plishment of work. 

The superior man is the one who makes the best use of his natural 
forces ; the inferior person uses up his vitality, in the shortest space of 
time. 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



If, therefore, the brain-workers can find for themselves rest and 
recreation during the months of July and August, thus renewing the 
chief forces of life, the whole community, directly or indirectly, gains 
thereby. 

To accomplish this result there are many ways, perhaps none more 
efficacious than a water trip. As a recent writer has said: " It is truly 
astonishing how completely we leave carping cares behind as soon as 
we are fairly afloat. We seem to cut loose from ail worries and 
anxieties, and to be drifting out from the sight and sound of all 
reminders of the office, study, workshop or household. On the well 
regulated steamer we are relieved from small responsibilities and 
annoyances, and in the serene enjoyment of bodily comfort we float 
lazily and dream, become interested in humanity around us, or the ports 
into which we occasionally come, and are not expected to be up to 
the strict requirements of entertaining or being entertained. 

In one sense it is Bohemia into which we have entered, and we 
revel in the freedom, the dolce far niente, tho pure, bracing air, and 
the beauties of sky and sea in which we find ourselves. We watch with 
a sort of fascination, the leaping spray at the steamer's bow, and fall to 
noting the ever-changing billows, perhaps remembering Ruskin's remark 
about the marvellous coloring of a wave. We enter into the little pro- 
jects for amusement started by other passengers, or perhaps, originate 
them ourselves, with the zest of a child. In short, on shipboard, whether 
it be on the ocean or the great iakes, we live a new, novel and fresh 
life, such as we never at any time experienced upon land. 



WHERE SHALL WE CO? To those who enjoy great Nature's 
work, we would say that Mackinac Island is among the grandest and 
most romantic. Visitors are voluble with story and legend of every bold 
cliff and cave and fallen rock around the island shores, and many a 
pencil, brush and camera are brought to bear on the wonders found. 

The invalid comes here because of the wonderful purity of the 
atmosphere, the climate being especially noted as a sanitarium for hay 
fever and bronchial affections. Great numbers annually visit this region 
to escape from or get relief for these maladies, many experiencing an 
improvement immediately on entering Lake Huron. 

The adventurous also comes because the surrounding region offers 
such endless attractions within easy reacK that he cannot fail to find 
variety if he seeks it. We challenge criticism in saying that no other 
resort possesses these entertaining features to such great extent, and 
none is more accessible. Every section of our country sends visitors 

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A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



annually to this region, and their testimony will substantiate our claims. 
Gamey fish in great variety lurk in all the numerous inland lakes and 
rivers, with which the wonderful State of Michigan abounds, while its 
forests which are the hiding places of more than the usual varieties of 
furred and feathered creatures, afford facilities for fine sport. 

Mackinac Island is reached by the Detroit and Cleveland Steam 
Navigation Company, by their pleasant route through the lakes, with a 
splendid line of palatial side-wheel iron steamers, the largest, swiftest 
and most luxurious of any on fresh waters, the excellence and complete- 
ness of whose service caused the writer to select their line as the con- 
necting link by water to this famed island resort and sanitarium. The 
few landings made enroute are just sufficient to interest without being 
tedious. 

During the summer months their steamers stop at the Island, both 
going and returning, which gives those who wish to return on the same 
trip, from four to six hours in which to view the curiosities and the 
wonders of the place, carriages being always on hand on arrival ; or, by 
remaining until the next steamer, over thirty-six hours is given. Return 
tickets are good by either steamer on any trip during the season. The 
round trip occupies but four and one-half days from Cleveland. By 
stopping over at the Island from one steamer to another you would be 
gone six and one-half days, so that your stay can be lengthened by 
about two days, as best suits your convenience. 

Passengers taking this company's steamers, City of Detroit and 
Northwest, which leave Cleveland every week day at 20,30 o'clock, can 
time it to make close connections at Detroit with the steamers City of 
Mackinac or City of Cleveland, which leave Detroit every Wednesday 
and Friday morning at 10 o'clock, and Monday and Saturday nights at 
22 o'clock for Mackinac. The quickest trip and closest connection 
from Cleveland is made by taking the company's steamer City of 
Detroit Tuesday or Thursday evening. 



WHAT WILL IT COST? This depends somewhat on circum- 
stances. Tickets covering transportation only are very cheap, being 
only $4.50 one way, or $7.00 for round trip from Cleveland: (half fare 
for children between five and twelve years of age,)can be procured 
from any railroad ticket agent. Those who prefer to bring a well filled 
lunch basket, and do not care for a place to sleep, need not incur any 
additional expense, as they can occupy a comfortable chair in one of 
the elegant saloons in the forward part of the steamer. Should you 
prefer meals, one or more can be had at 50 cents each. The same 

8 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



price is charged for children over three years old; under that age, 25 
cents, and they can be brought to the first table. 

The running time from Cleveland to Mackinac includes five meals, 
which at 50 cents each would amount to $2.50 each way. The only 
additional expense is for a berth, which can be had for $2.00 for an 
upper berth of single width, or $3.00 for a lower berth of double width. 

Put the items together, say for 

Single Trip Round Trip. 

Transportation $ 4.50..$ 7.00 

5 meals at 50 cents each 2.50.. 5.00 

An upper berth 2.00.. 4.00 



Total with upper berth $9.00. . $16 00 

Extra for a lower berth 1.00 . 2.00 



Total with lower berth $10.00. .$18.00 

Or for two persons in one room ($9 and $10) 19 00. . 34.00or $17 each., 

Forthree persons in one room, add the trans- 
portation and meals only for the extra 
person 7.00.. 12,00 



Total cost for three persons, occupying but ^ or $15.34 

one room, from Cleveland to Mackinac, $26.00 $46.00] each. 

All berths are in state rooms, and each room has two berths and 
will accommodate two or three persons. Meals and berths are arranged 
for, exclusively by the company. The demand for sleeping accommo- 
dations during the tourists' season is such that each state room on the 
steamers from Detroit to Mackinac must accommodate at least two 
persons at the price named. Those wishing to occupy a room alone, 
however, can make special arrangements at Cleveland with Mr. T. F. 
Newman, agent, at company's wharf. 

For the benefit of those who find it difficult to realize the compai'- 
ative cheapness of this delightful trip by water, we would call attention 
to the 956 miles in the round trip, occupying 41 days costing only 
$16.00 to $18.00, or about $3.75 per day. How, and where, can you go 
and compass so much enjoyment and solid comfort by the way. Should 
you be inclined to go by rail, remember the rates they quote do not pro- 
videfor meals, neither do they include sleeping accommodations. If you 
reach Mackinac sooner by that means, a fair comparison would include 
meals and sleeping car fare on the way, together with hotel bills 
incurred until the steamer gets there," which three items alone 

10 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



will be found to cover the entire cost by water, and the rail fare has not 
yet been considered, which for the sanne number of miles would be 
cheap at $20, or, say $36 in all, or twice as much as by water. " I have 
never taken this view of the facts, its a good one," is the usual answer 
when the subject of a trip to Macl<inac is discussed from this stand 
point. 

Again, it is presumed that a summer trip is planned to get all the 
pleasure and fresh air possible. By rail, it is hot and dusty, and you 
are cramped for room, and what little strength you started with would 
most likely be used up by the round trip ; especially would this be the 
case with ladies and children. One way by steamer even woula be 
better than none at all. The most attractive and varied scenery would 
be found on a water trip, with ample time for a good look at every 
interesting object. In fact all that can be said in favor of rail is the 
quick arrival, which is certainly the least object on a trip for pleasure, 
rest and recreation. You leave home for a vacation. Why? Naturally 
to reverse the excitement of business cares, the bustle, hurry and rush- 
ing about. Such relief is fully obtained, only by taking a water trip. 
Try it once 

On entering Cleveland, the Transfer Co., whose employees attend 
all trains will take charge of your baggage and transfer you (without 
cost, if you are provided with through tickets having a transfer coupon 
attached) to the steamer lying at the company's wharf, 23 River street, 
where meals can be had at regular hours for 50 cents, or, if late, a lunch 
at 25 cents. Between Cleveland and Detroit the fare is only $2.25 for 
transportation, which is one-half of rail .fare. Berths are all in state 
rooms (two in each room) and are graded in price according to location, 
those forward and aft are $1.00 for an upper berth of single width, and 
$1.50 for a lower berth of double width, the cheapest rooms having 
three berths are amidships ; the upper is 50 cents, the lower 75 cents. 
Among the advanced steps taken by this company, is that of not 
including berths in their ticket fares, which happily disposes of the 
vexatious question how to best take care of their patrons comfortably. 
Now, very many do without berths, and by the graded prices the best 
is practically reserved for those who want them most, and the accom- 
modations are seldom over-taxed. The state rooms are furnished with 
wire and hair mattrasses, sheets are long and clean, blankets are of the 
Pullman style, and as many as are needed for your comfort. The local 
travel between these two cities is largely composed of commercial 
travelers, who transact their business in either city during the day time, 
and take advantage of the quiet rest at night en-route. 




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A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




CLEVELAND at the mouth of 
■Cuyahoga river,onthesouthern shore 
of Lake Erie is situated on a plain 
from eighty to one hundred feet 
above the lake, and has a popula- 
tion of 210,000. Its distance from 
Detroit is one hundred and ten 
miles by water, and one hundred 
and seventy-two by rail. The city 
J was founded inl796, by Gen. Moses 
Cleaveland. He entered the river in 
charge of a party sent by the Con- 
necticut Land Company to survey 
their property on the western Re- 
serve, which resulted in the laying 
out of a small portion of land, on 
which was erected a store-house and several rude cabins, which com- 
prised the town. Edward Paine, of New York State, is said to have 
been the first to transact business at this point. The second year the 
population was increased by several families, among whom was Miss 
Chloe Inches, the first voting lady resident of the valley. Prospects of 
its becoming a large city soon became evident. The mouth of the 
river was originally the only harbor, and frequently became so choked 
with sand as to form a dry crossing. Very few vessels attempted to 
enter the river, cargoes being landed in lighters; yet as early as 1805 it 
was of sufficient importance to make it a port of entry. No successful 
attempt at improvement was made until 1826, when the government 
made an appropriation to cut a new channel, build piers and remove 
obstructions. 

Sept. 1st, 1818, Walk-in-the-Water, the first steamer to sail on the 
lakes entered the port, en-route, Buffalo to Detroit. Great excitement 
prevailed, and round after round of artillery announced her arrival and 
departure, in 1819, Josiah Barber built a log cabin, arid became the 
first settler on the west side. In 1831 , the Buffalo Company purchased 
a farm there, dotting the low land at the mouth of the river with ware- 
houses, and the adjacent bluffs with stores, dwellings and hotels, thus 
starting the foundation of a town which bid fair to rival the settlement 
on the east side. Further efforts obtained a city charter, under the 
rtame of Ohio City. This aroused the slumbering jealousies of the east 
siders, and finally culminated in 1837 in what was known as " The Bat- 
tle of the Bridge." This bridge which connected what is now Cleveland 

14 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



with Brooklyn was built in 1835, by J. S. Clark, who dedicated it to pub- 
lic use when finished. Both cities had received their charters, known 
as Ohio City on the west and Cleveland on the east, and each claimed 
jurisdiction over the bridge. Resolutions and treaties availing nothing, 
each city sent arnned men to take possession. A field piece was so 
placed as to sweep the bridge from the east, and war began. Weapons 
and missiles of all kmds were freely used, several persons were badly 
wounded, and the bridge considerably damaged before the sheriff and 
city marshal succeeding in quelling the riot, and transferring the ques- 
tion of ownership to the courts. 




J 



At High Bridge Glens — Cuyahoga Falls — The Niagara of Ohio 

In 1855, Ohio City was annexed to Cleveland, which is now one of 
the wealthiest and most prosperous cities of the west. Its manufacturing 
advantages attracts capital from all parts of the country. Traffic in iron 
and copper ores, lumber, oil and coal, have developed into gigantic 
proportions, making this the principal port on lake Erie. 

15 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



In 1827 Cleveland was connected with Akron by a canal, which ran 
through important coal fields. 

There was no demand for coal in Cleveland at this time, dnd the 
story of the first load is somewhat interesting, considering the present 
vast importance of the trade. Henry Newberry, who owned valuable 
coal land, fancied he saw an opening for extensive trade in the article, 
and sent a few tons to the city for trial. A wagon load was carted 
around all day, its quality and value as fuel presented, but with small 
encouragement, as wood was plentiful, and a feeling of distrust existed 
as to whether the stony substance would serve for fuel at all. Philo 
Scoville, proprietor of the Franklin House, finally purchased a small 
quantity at two dollars per ton, placed grates in the house, gave the 
coal a trial, and a widespread reputation for the valuable article was 
thus established. The amount, now consumed in Cleveland is enormous, 
and exportations exceed those of any other lake port. The traffic in 
iron ore is extensive, nearly the entire product of the Lake Superior 
region centers here for distribution in all directions, the mines being 
principally owned and controlled by Cleveland capitalists. 

The rapid improvements of the city are worthy of special note. The 
breakwater constructed by the government is one mile long, encloses 
two hundred acres of still water, forms a harbor of refuge, and furnishes 
extensive dockage facilities. 

The viaduct, an immense structure, whose length is 3211 feet, 
spans the valley of the Cuyahoga, and connects the east and west sides. 
From Superior street to the draw, the construction is principally iron 
trestle work. The draw alone is 362 feet. The west side consists of 
ten stone arches, eight being 83, and two 97| feet span. The length 
of road bed thus supported is 1,382 feet, at an elevation of 54 feet. 
Cost, $2,150,000. The N. Y., C. & St. L. R. R. viaduct is another 
monument of engmeering skill. It is constructed wholly of iron, with 
stone abutments. Total length, 3,050 feet; elevation, 68 feet, and 
crosses the Cuyahoga valley diagonally, but a short distance south of 
the city viaduct. The entire business portion of the city is lighted by 
electricity, from the top of huge iron masts, ranging in height from 200 
to 260 feet. 

The manufacturing industries are chiefly located in the valley, 
leaving much of the higher lands for residences, thus causing strangers 
to wonder where the business necessary to support so many inhabitants 
is carried on. Cleveland is sometimes called " Forest City," on account 
of the beautiful lawns and broad, shady avenues which meet the eye in 
all directions. Visitors should not neglect the opportunity of a drive 

16 



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DETROIT& CLEVELAND STEAM NAV CO 

LAKE ERIE DIVISION. 

BIRDS EYEVIEWOFTHE REGULAR DAILY LINE Of THE 
PALACE STEAMERS 

CITYOFDETROIT* NORTHWEST 



DETROIT & CLEVELAND, 

ALSOTHEIR POPULAR EXCURSION ROUTES. 






X-w." H 




'"'"''"""'"" The location of Detroit naturally makes it a center of attraction. The elegant service of the above line of Steamers adds a delightful feature for tourists from the East and South via Cleveland, on 

A LAKE TOUR TO PICTURESQUE MACKINAC. 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit 



on the far-famed Euclid avenue, the finest residence street in the 
world. 




At High Bridge Glens— Cuyahoga Falls — The Niagara of Ohio. 

There are many fine cemeteries and public and private parks. 
From Lake View park a fine view of the shipping is obtained. It is a 
famous promenade, and a most attractive and picturesque spot. 
Thousands visit its mossy banks on summer evenings, to delight in the 
cool breezes and watch the setting sun sink into the broad bosom of 
the lake. These sunsets, beautiful beyond description, are visible only 
where land and water hold a similar geographical relation. Wade park, 
containing one hundred acres, has many natural advantages. It was 
donated to the city by Hon. J. H. Wade, who lavished large sums, and 
displayed exquisite taste in beautifying it. This park lies four miles 
from the city hall, on the Euclid avenue and Prospect street railway. 

17 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



Three quarters of a mile east of this park, is Lake View cemetery, 
an extensive enclosure, combining all the advantages of Nature and art. 
It contains many grand monuments and costly tombs. Here lies the 
remains of the illustrious Garfield, guarded by U. S. troops, and on an 
eminence close by, is carefully preserved the funeral car which bore 
the martyred President to his final resting place. 

Every week-day, at 20.30 o'clock, the steamer City of Detroit, or 
Northwest, leaves the wharf, 23 River street. Fifteen minutes are con- 
sumed in getting out of the river. A bright light, which is noticed on 
the port bow, is placed on a crib, built as a protection to the lake tun- 
nel, through which Cleveland receives its water supply. The crib is 
built of 12 inch white pine timbers, 61 feet high, pentagonal in form, 
each side measuring 54 feet, The sides of the inner wall form well 
holes, each measuring 19 feet. From the outer to the inner wall is 24 
feet, with a third wall midway between the two. The whole is covered 
with 2 inch oak plank, and at the water line with boiler plate half an inch 
thick, and five feet deep, as a protection to the timber from the action 
of ice. The space between the outer and inner walls is filled with 
stone, a large quantity of which is also piled around the outside. The 
lake tunnel is IJ miles long, its diameter over five feet. Depth of lake 
shaft, 90 feet; shore shaft, 67 feet below the water; diameter of each, 8 
feet. 

Lake Erie washes the shores of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, 
Michigan and Canada; it is 250 miles long by 40 to 60 wide; greatest 
depth, 204 feet. Its surface is 565 feet above Hudson river at Albany, 
and 330 above Lake Ontario. The coast line of the great lakes and 
shores of the St. Lawrence river are 3,206 miles on the American side, 
and 2,451 on the Canadian side, a total of 5,657 miles, or nearly a quar- 
ter of the circumference of the earth. 

For many who will be interested in the power which drives the 
steamer, a good view of the engine is had through the large plate glass 
in the main saloon The smooth, easy motion of this heavy mass of 
machinery excites wonder and astonishment. Every neat housekeeper 
will find her efforts equalled by the bright, clean appearance of every 
utensil and piece of machinery in the engine room, and the engineer 
on duty will cheerfully explain. 

The two columns are steam pipes. The one on the left contains 
steam, as it comes direct from the boiler, and is held there under full 
pressure by valves in the two steam chests, one above and one below, 
until wanted by the cylinder, a large, round body just behind the steam 
chests, in which a piston works up and down. 

18 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



The long rod on the left opens the upper valve, admitting steam to 
the cylinder, which forces the piston down, while the short rod opens 
the lower valve, admitting steam under the piston, which forces it up. 
This up and down working of the piston moves all the machinery. 
Motion is first given by opening the valves by hand a few times after 
which an eccentric arm from the mam shaft does the work; automati- 
cally At every full stroke of the piston the paddle wheels turn half 
round. The piston is connected by rods to one end of the walking 




Light House, Cleveland, O. 

beam, the other end of which is connected by rods with a crank on the 
main shaft, running across the steamer. With each end of the shaft a 
paddle wheel is connected. 

The rods on the right open the valves from the cylinder, just as the 
piston finishes the stroke, and the steam which was but a moment 

19 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



before let in from the left column to move the piston, now rushes out 
into the right hand column, to give the piston a clear space to work 
back again as soon as steam is let in on the other side to drive it. 
Motion is thus obtained by steam forcing the piston down from the 
top, then up from the bottom. Each time the piston moves the length 
of the cylinder, the steam which moved it must be gotten out of the 
way before it can move back again. 

Under the right hand column is the condenser, containing a spray 
of cold water, which strikes the steam as it enters, condensing it 
instantly ; thus converting what was a large volume of steam into a very 
small quantity of water. The sudden collapsing of this great bulk of 
steam in an air tight column, creates a vacuum in the cylinder which 
exhausted the steam, which means there is nothing in the cylinder to 
obstruct the passage of the piston, not even air. A perfect vacuum is 
as good as carrying fifteen pounds of extra steam in the boilers. 

The crank room, with its complicated machinery is just beyond, 
and the boiler room is in the hold of the steamer, which can be seen 
from the main deck. There the fireman will be found busily shovelling 
coal into the furnaces. This room is lined on all sides with boiler plate, 
and is a complete water tight compartment. Stop for one moment and 
contemplate the perfect harmony with which this great mass, made up 
of little parts, moves, obedient to the will of one mind. 

From the end of the piers our steamer heads W. x N. -J- N. for 3| 
hours to Point Pelee Light, sometimes called the Dummy, which is fifty 
miles from Cleveland and sixty from Detroit. This takes us across the 
open lake. 

Point Pelee is a headland on the Canadian shore, which projects 
for several miles into the lake at the entrance to Pigeon Bay, and with 
the many islands in the vicinity, form the most picturesque scenery on 
Lake Erie. W. x N. course for twenty-five minutes brings us to Point 
Pelee Island Light. This island belongs to Canada, is seven miles long, 
and two and a half wide, abounds in red cedar and fine limestone, and 
contains a few inhabitants. Several small islands lie to the south, called 
the East Middle and West Sister and Hen arid Chickens. Farther on are 
the North, Middle and South Bass; on the west side of the latter lies the 
secure harbor of Put-in-Bay, celebrated as the rendezvous of Commo- 
dore Perry's flotilla, before and after the glorious naval victory over the 
British fleet September 10th, 1813, and is the very spot from which was 
sent the famous dispatch: "We have met the enemy, and they are ours." 

Kelley's Island is the largest and most important of the group, and 
is famous for its grape culture and native wines. These islands are 

30 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit 



1 

reached from Detroit by steamers, which leave every morning exceot 
Sundays. From Point Peiee Island we run across Pigeon Bay on a W. 
i N. course for one hour and ten minutes, to Colchester light ship, 
located but three miles out from Colchester, Canada. One hour more on 
the same course brings us to Bar Point light ship, near the entrance to 



Scene in Public Square, Cleveland, O. 
Detroit river. If you care to rise at this hour— about four— you will be 
well repaid by the early morning trip up the river. An order left with 
the cabin watchman to call you if the morning is clear will receive atten- 
tion. 

Father Hennepin, who passed up the river in early days enthusiasti- 
cally wrote: " The islands are the finest in the world; the strait is finer 
than Niagara; the banks are vast meadows, and the prospect terminates 

21 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



with some hilis crowned with vineyards, fruit bearing trees, groves and 
forests so well disposed that one would think Nature alone could not 
have made, without the help of art, so charming a prospect." Civiliza- 
tion has somewhat marred its freshness, but the strait still affords some 
of the loveliest river scenery in America. 

There are fifteen islands between Bar Point and Detroit, and a zig- 
zag course is taken to clear them. Leaving Bar Point light ship, we 
round Bar Point and into the river by courses N. W. x N. -^ N. for six 
minutes, N. x W. ^J- W. five minutes, and N. f E. four and one half min- 
utes. The river is twenty-seven miles long, and one half to three miles 
wide, with a current of three miles per hour. N. x E. f E. course 
for eleven minutes brings us to Bois Blanc Island light, then N. |- W. for 
four minutes to abreast of Amherstburg, Canada, N. xW. ^^ W. three 
minutes to head of Bois Blanc Island, N. x E. five minutes to the Lime 
Kiln crossing. 

The water at this point is. shallow and the current swift, owing to a 
ledge of rocks which obstruct the channel. This spot is the key to the 
depth of water which grain and ore vessels can draw, and seriously 
affects the entire commerce of the lakes. A violent wind blowing 
down the river forces the water out of Lake Erie so rapidly as to lower 
it at this crossing, and heavily laden freight vessels are often obliged to 
lay over until the wind shifts or dies away, when the water resumes its 
usual depth. The government has expended a large amount of money 
and labor in removing the obstructions, but not enough of either atone 
time to afford immediate relief to the vast interests that suffer. The 
loss sustained by damages to craft strikmg the bottom, lightering of 
cargoes and d°lay, is each year more than sufficient to perfect the im- 
provements. N W. x N. f N. from the crossing for nineteen minutes, 
brings us to t u head of Grosse Isle, then N. f E. five minutes. Mamma 
Judy light, N. -^W., five minutes abreast of Wyandotte, N. | E. five 
minutes, abreast of Grassy Island light; N. f W. six minutes, to a point 
on Fighting Island; N. E. x N. -^ N. twenty-three minutes. Sandwich 
Mineral Springs, Canada; N. E. -J- N. seven minutes, to Sandwich Point, 
and a sharp turn to N. E. i E. brings the city into full view. On the 
left is Fort Wayne, which is garrisoned and mounted with heavy ord- 
nance; on the right is Sandwich, Canada, and further on Windsor. 

Eight minutes lands us at the Michigan Central railroad depot, 
where passengers for the interior leave the steamer. The Detroit 
Omnibus Line here offer every facility in the way of omnibuses, bag- 
gage wagons, carriages and coupes. Mackinac passengers can have 
breakfast on this steamer if they wish. 

23 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



After discharging what is destined for this wharf, the steamer pro- 
ceeds to the Company's Wayne street wharf, where on Wednesday and 
Friday mornings the steamer City of Mackinac or City of Cleveland 
will be found nearly ready to sail. Mondays and Saturdays they do not 

ITI'' 11 




J 



leave until night, which gives an excellent opportunity to view the 
beauties of Detroit. Steamers City of Detroit and Northwest leave 
Detroit for Cleveland every week day at 22 o'clock. 

23 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




L.fo®OIWC«:JcJ 



l7°>/?\/^/T\?/!M^rr\OLl DETROIT , with a population of 140,- 

I^^PV^mArvwVfrv^ J 000, is the oldest city of the west, and 

*•*} the metropolis of the Peninsula State. 
It was from the first an important trad- 
ing post, and as larger interests devel- 
oped, became a city of excellent 
material prophecies; now in the full 
flush of prosperity it reaches out its 
iron arms to grasp that commercial 
supremacy which it will attain with all 
the absolute certainty with which cause 
is followed by effect. More than to 
any other source save its fine location, 
the city owes its steady and solid 
advancement to its spirited, whole souled mercantile class, by whose 
influence and money the majority of Michigan railroads have been 
built. 

The prospective importance of Detroit was first pointed out by the 
Jesuit missionaries, whose sagacity has been similarly exemplified in 
selecting the sites of numerous other cities, St. Louis, New Orleans, 
Montreal, etc. 

To the gallant and enterprising De La Motte Cadillac, belongs the 
honor of founding Detroit, in 1701. The early settlers who followed in 
his train found upon the shores of the noble river, homes rpore attrac- 
tive than any their wildest dreams had pictured. 

Fort Ponchartrain was here erected, and the small military garrison, 
a few fur traders and Jesuit missionaries made up the population. For 
about a century but little progress was perceptible in growth and popu- 
lation. The interior of the state remained an unbroken wilderness, and 
the city was dependent for business on its Indian trade alone. 

The little settlement was often visited by the fortunes of 'grim 
visaged war,' and at onetime became an important point in the mo- 
mentous struggle between England and France for a dominating power 
in the affairs of the new world. No less than five times was there a 
change in the national emblem, floating over the place. The silver 
lilies flaunted over the infant fortress, to be succeeded by the cross of 
St. George, which was supplanted by the stars and stripes, these giving 
away for a short season to the red cross, which was again finally low- 
ered to the lasting supremacy of the American flag. Once was it 
captured, once burnt to the ground, and it was the scene of 50 pitched 
battles and twelve massacres. 

24 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



In 1712, Cadillac closed his administration of affairs amid a sea of 
troubles, the most vital of which was the question of " liquor traffic,' 
against which the Jesuit fathers had set their faces. It will thus be 
seen that the subject which is now so powerfully agitating the public 
mind is not altogether so new and fresh as might at first be supposed, 
since it was an important bone of contention nearly two hundred years 
ago. 




Wade Park, Cleveland, O. 

In 1763, Detroit, with the other French possessions in the north, 
passed into the hands of the British. This was immediately followed by 
the famous Pontiac conspiracy, by which the Indians, under the leader- 
ship of this able chief sought to exterminate the white race throughout 
the northwest. The projected massacre was defeated at this point by 
a Chippewa girl's betrayal of the scheme to Major Gladwyn, com- 
mander of the post, who was thus put on his guard. A siege of eleven 
months fojiowed, the fort holding out nobly against the enraged savages. 

In 1 796, under the supplementary treaty of peace with Great Britain, 
Detroit was turned over to the United States. 

But it must not be supposed that the young " City of the Straits " 
was the theatre of nothing but war and bloodshed Ahl no Romance 

25 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



and song and love, were as nnuch a part of its life as these sterner 
realities of history. Past its green shores, down the beau+iful river 
floated the merry carol of the voyageur, and many a birch bark canoe 
with its cargo of furs swung out into the stream to the melody of these 
quaint old canzonets. Says Constance Fennimore Woolson. in Apple- 
ton's Journal : " The little river settlement was a favorite post of these 
hardy hunters, a race by themselves — looking at this distance very 
romantic, with their roving lives, their love for frolicing and dancinjr, 
and their wild love songs, sung as the loaded bateaux moved out into 
the current of the broad river. Some of these melodies still preserve 
a place in American music; they have a character of their own, too 
quick for the slow Englishman, too gay for the sober American, essen- 
tially French in every note and word." 

Wine was abundant, being made from the wild grapes which grew 
in profusion on the shore, and that the settlers had imported with them 
the social manners of la belle France sufficiently to know how to use 
it, is evinced by the following passage from an old note book of 1778: 
" The citizens all lived as one family, had Detroit assemblies once a 
week, where the ladies never went without being in their silks; dining 
parties were frequent, and they drank their wine freely." 

In 1778 the old fort had been removed, the village enlarged, and a 
new fort erected on the high ground further back from the river. This 
was named Fort LeNoult,and occupied a space now bounded by Lafayette 
avenue, Congress street, a line a little east of - Shelby street, and one 
west of Wayne street. Heavy stockades extended from either side of 
the fort to the river, forming a rude triangle, of which the river was the 
base. Within this stockade was comprised the village, with a popula- 
tion of sixty families. The streets were narrow, the widest being but 
twenty feet, and the houses were low and mainly of wood. That in 
1805 a fire should break out and sweep away the entire village was 
therefore not surprising. But a single house remained standing. 

Two years later Congress authorized the laying out of a city on a 
much more liberal scale, and made a grant of 10,000 acres of land to 
aid in defraying the cost of the necessary improvements. The author- 
ship of the plan of the new city is attributed to Judge Woodward, who 
was a man of exceedingly fanciful tastes, as was evinced by his design. 

There were to be several open squares, with broad aven.ues radiat- 
ing from them, like the spokes of a wheel. The streets were to be of 
unusual width, and access from one part of the city to another was 
exceedingly convenient; but the objection was the amount of land wasted 
and the angular shape of a great proportion of the lots; consequently 

26 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



V 



at a later period the Woodward plan was abandoned, only a snnall portion 
of which is still retained, the rectangular system being substituted. 
Between the two plans and the freedom which was accorded to every 
property holder to lay out streets and subdivide his property after his 
own taste, Detroit is to-day perhaps as labyrinthian a city as any in the west. 

In 1812, war broke out with Great Britain, and on the 16th of August 
following, General Hull, who was in command, surrendered the fort and 
city to General Brock, without any attempt to maintain a defense. The 
British remained in possession for more than a year, when, as a, result of 
the American victory at the battle of the Thames, it was recovered by the 
United States. The name of the fort was now changed to Shelby. At 
this time the population was less than one thousand, and its growth for 
a long time continued very slow. 

In 1831, when the population had reached two thousand, the first 
real step was taken towards opening up the interior and making it tribu- 
tary to the city, in the commencement of the construction of what is now 
the Michigan Central Railroad. The work progressed slowly, and it was 
not until February, 1838 that any part of the line was opened for traffic. 

In 1836, and again in 1840 and 1848, disastrious fires swept away 
large portions of the city. In 1827 the fort was abandoned by the 
government, and being made over to the city was demolished, the earth 
forming its embankments being carted down to the river and dumped 
into the shallow water. The shore line was thus extended out into the 
river, in some places an entire block. 

In 1847 the city lost its prestige as capital of the State, the legisla- 
tive seat being removed to Lansing, in 1854 it secured direct com- 
munication with the east by the opening of the Great Western Railway, 
of Canada, and four years later a competing line in the completion of 
the Grand Trunk. 

In 1860, though occupying no less an area than at present, it was 
much more sparsely settled. The larger part of the Cass farm was still 
what its name indicates, and fields abutted on Woodward avenue, within 
the two mile radius. Only a few leading thoroughfares were paved. 
There were neither street railways nor omnibus lines, and old fashioned 
drays did all the hauling. No public street lamps were to be found, 
except in the central part, and where the city hall now stands, was a 
group of old wooden rookeries, once the depot buildings of the M.C.R.R. 
The parks were uncared for, and overgrown with grass and weeds. One 
ferry boat, the Gem, accommodated all the traffic between Detroit and 
Windsor. There was no police force, no house of correction, and only 
a black hole for a jail. Since then the progress has been very rapid, 

28 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



and large tracts which were at that time open comnaons, are now densely 
covered with houses. The wholesale trade and manufacturing interests 
have nearly absorbed the lower part of the city near the river, and the 
retail traffic spreads out continuously towards the extreme limits on 
every avenue leading from the central square, called Campus Martius, 
invading the haunts of the former aristocratic residents, who are fast 
seeking other locations, and, building up the vacant spots on the out- 
skirts with a class of elegant homes unsurpassed elsewhere. 

Detroit covers an area some six miles in length, on the river, by a 
depth of two and a half miles, and although located near the extreme 
southwest corner of the State, is the chief city and commercial metrop- 
olis of Michigan. It is on the right bank of the river, (or, more properly, 
a strait, Detroit being the French term for strait,) is seven miles below 
lake St. Clair, and twenty miles above lake Erie. Through this strait 
passes the vast tonnage of the great lakes, which in volume exceeds the 
entire foreign commerce of the country. The river here is f of a mile 
wide, and is everywhere navigable by the largest craft, affording the city 
a magnificient water front miles in extent. This fine location at the 
only point between lakes Erie and St. Clair, suitable for a large harbor, 
constituted the place from earliest times an important point in the traffic 
of this region, and has undoubtedly been the key to its steady and gen- 
uine advancement, also affording a sure guarantee of its future sub- 
stantial progress 

Having ample ground, the dwellings are not crowded together in 
solid blocks, but are mostly detached, with plenty of intervening space. 
This, with the breadth of the streets and the prevalence of shade trees, 
gives the place more of a village than a city air, and contributes much 
to its attractiveness as a place of residence. As a healthful city it is 
without a peer. 

Churches are very numerous in proportion to the population. The 
school system is admirable, bearing favorable comparison with that of 
any other city. Society, too, from the less frequent changes that 
obtain here, as compared with other western cities, is more settled, 
refined and truly polite. Thus, as a place of residence it is unsurpassed 
by any place west of Boston. Indeed, while the business activity and 
stir of Chicago is lacking, it resembles Boston not a little in its social 
and literary atmosphere. 

The Germans claim a third of the population, and there is still 
considerable of the old original French element left. In the days of 
pro-slavery, this city was noted tor being the headquarters of the under- 
ground railway, and there is naturally a large population of the colored 

30 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



race, while Hollanders, Poles, Swedes, Norwegians, Swiss, Italians, etc, 
represent the European nationalities in. considerable numbers; but this 
foreign element is eminently industrious, thrifty and orderly. In 
general each family owns its homestead. The savings banks are well 
patronized, and vagrancy and pauperism are perhaps as little prevalent 
here as in any city of the same size in the United States. 

Detroit is a wealthy city. Most of the business operations of its 
citizens are based on real capital, owned by the parties using it, and not 
borrowed elsewhere. This is undoubtedly the result of the extreme con- 
servatism which borders a little on lack of enterprise, or which at least 
shuns speculation. This conservatism, for which the city has been noted, 
has limited her growth to a strictly healthy and natural one. It has pre- 
vented over trading in any department of business; and thus we find an 
almost entire absence of inflation. Real estate is relatively cheap, and 
few branches of business are overdone. This condition of things ren- 
ders the city a peculiarly inviting field for men of enterprise and capital 
to locate in. Competition has not dried up the vital sources of wealth, 
and its financial credit is unimpeachable. 

Notwithstanding the admirable condition of the public works, the 
debt is small. Taxes are light. For a number of years past the finan- 
cial affairs of the city have been managed with great wisdom and 
fidelity, and there are few municipal wants unprovided for. The water 
supply is ample and placed beyond a contingency of failure, extensive 
pumping works being located a few miles above the city. 

Detroit is essentially a manufacturing city, possessing from its easy 
water communication and its proximity to the inexhaustible mines and 
forests of the State, peculiar advantages. There can be no doubt that 
the time is coming when the banks of the strait will be lined with mills 
and factories that will render it the Birmingham of the northwest. 

The site of the city has a gradual rise from the river until an eleva- 
tion of fifty feet is reached in the northern limits. This elevation is so 
gradual as to almost escape the notice of visitors. It affords every 
opportunity for perfect drainage, and the city enjoys the reputation of 
having the cleanest and most wholesome of streets. Street car lines 
give cheap transportation to all parts, and the Detroit omnibus line, an 
enterprising company, furnishes prompt and satisfactory services with 
omnibuses, baggage wagons, coaches and coupes. 

To the visitor the city soon becomes most enchanting as a place of 
quiet, rest and enjoyment. It is essentially a residence town; a great 
number of wealthy people have sought it as a place for their homes, and 
their fine residences anr'spaciousgrounds are to be found in all directions. 

32 




) materially inci 




The elegant accommodations afforded by the Palace Steamers City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland have materially increased the enjoyment and attractions of 

A LAKE TOUR TO PICTURESQUE MACKINAC. 






'Syi'^ 



!i ■ 






!;^"(|l[|ii!!|i;^' 








jiiiiiiiili-iV'iipi' 



iiiiMi;:'i.iiiiii;ii;iiiiiiiiiiii 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



Detroit is one of the most complete and desirable of summer 
resorts in the world, possessing all the requirements, of a popular 
watering place, together with all the advantages and luxuries of a city 
home. The river is the pride of its residents, and the surprise and 
delight of tourists, who pronounce it one of the most beautiful streams 
in the world. It has a current of three miles an hour, and has never 
bean known to rise more than seventeen inches above its regular level. 

In the channel opposite the upper portion of the city is Belle Isle 
park, containing about 700 acres. It was purchased by the city for 
I $200,000, and is a favorite resort, easily reached in the summer by a. 
service of fine ferry steamers, every twenty minutes. There are seven- 
t2en other islands in the river, many of which are attractive for excursion 
parties and summer residences, with frequent communication with the 
city by steamers. Names and location of these islands are found by 
referring to the bird's eye view. 

Detroit challenges comparison as being the handsomest city in the 
Union, a fact admitted by all, who, by reason of extended travel and 
close observation are best fitted to judge. In addition to her acquired 
beauties, she is extravagantly favored by Nature. The broad river is 
easily reached from almost any part of the city, giving in summer 
immediate escape from heat, dust and noise, which great luxury is 
within the power of all. 

Ten cents gives you a ride back and forth across the river all the 
afternoon, 50 cents takes you through lake St. Clair to Star Island, or 
down the river to Put-in-Bay, or $1.00 to Oakland House, St. Clair 
Mineral Springs, and return, in fact there are a dozen or more popular, 
healthful and beautiful resorts within from one to three hours' ride from 
Detroit, by steamer, and at a nominal cost. No time need be wasted, 
and no one need be at a loss for something to do, or somewhere to go. 
Detroit is the center of all these . attractions, and it is not an unusual ' 
sight during the pleasant days of summer to witness the arrival of five 
thousand strangers in the city in a single day, from the interior towns 
within a radius of one hundred and fifty miles. 

The resorts of most cities are but few, and from four to twenty-four 
hours away, while here you can return at a seasonable hour the same 
evening. Truly it would seem thatthose seeking for a place in which to 
pass the summer as comfortably as possible, with a desire to see and 
enjoy, would not fail to select Detroit in preference to all others, and the 
ever increasing number of visitors and transient residents from the 
east, and especially from the south, is conclusive evidence that the 
above facts are rapidly being appreciated. 

34 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 

Of the large, elegant steamers of the Detroit and Cleveland Steam 
Navigation Company's fleet, the City of Detroit and Northwest leave 
Detroit every evening, except Sundays, at 22 o'clock, landing you in 
Cleveland at 5.30 o'clock the following morning, in season for the early 
trains for the east or south. 

This night line by water between two such important commercial 
cities as Cleveland and Detroit is a boon to the commercial traveler who 
works by day and travels by night, anxious to make every hour tell to ad- 
vantage, and being usually confined to the hot, dusty, rumbling rail car, 




Ship Building on Pine River, near St. Clair Mineral Springs, 
as the only method of getting about, naturally avails himself of this 
agreeable change, to a charming quiet, and a full night's rest. The 
breath of fresh air, in the cool breeze made by the speed of the steamer 
is refreshing in itself, especially if the day has been sultry on shore. 
The delightful two hours' run down the river on moonlight nights allures 
many from their couches. 

A trip of thirty hours by the City of Mackinac Wednesday mornings 
at 10 o'clock, and Saturday nights at 22 o'clock, or the City of Cleveland 
Monday nights at 22 o'clock, and Friday mornings at 10 o'clock brings 
you to the great historic summer resort and sanitarium, Mackinac Island. 
Their time-table shows distances, and the running time between, and 
hours of departure from way ports. 

35 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



Summer Resorts of 

LAKES HURON, MICHIGAN AND SUPERIOR, 

Via MACKINAC ISLAND. 



STATIONS. 



Ashland Wis 

Bayfield " 

Charlevoix.. . . Mich 

Chicago Ill 

Crooked Lake, Mich 

Duluth Minn 

Elk Rapids,. . . Mich, 

Escanaba " 

Frankfort " 

Green Bay Wis. 

Hancock Mich. 

Harbor Springs, " 
Houghton. ... " 

Indian River, " 
L'Anse " 

Leiand " 

Mackinac Is'd, " 
Manistique.. . " 

Manitowoc Wis. 

Marquette. . . Mich. 

Menomonee.. " 
Milwaukee .' . . .Wis. 
Mullett Lake, Mich. 
Northport. ... " 
Ontonagon. . . " 
Petoskey " 

Sauit Ste Marie, " 
Traverse City. " 



-RATES. 



FROM 
CLEVELAND. 



Single. Round. 



$20.53 
20.53 

6.53 
11.53 

6.25 
20.50 

7.53 
11.50 

9 00 
13.00 
16.50 
14.50 

6.00 
16.50 
14.25 

5.00 
16.50 
13.00 

8 00 

Tourist. 

8.00 

11.50 

12.50 

10.50 

12.00 

1 1 .53 

5.00 

7.50 

19.50 

6 00 

6.00 

8.50 

7.50 



$37.03 
37.00 
10.00 
20.00 
10.00 
37.00 
12.25 
20.50 
16 00 
23.50 
27.00 
25.80 

9.50 
27.00 
25.30 

8.00 
27.00 
22.80 
14.00 
11.35 
13.50 
20.00 
22.00 
17.80 
21.50 
20.00 

8.00 
12.00 
35.00 

9.00 

9.00 
13.00 
12.00 



FROM 
DETROIT. 



Single. Rounid 



$19.00 
19.00 

5.00 
10.00 

4.75 
19.00 

6.00 
10.00 

7.50 
11 50 
15.00 
13.00 

4.50 
15.00 
12.75 

3.50 
15.00 
11.50 

6.50 

6.50 

10.00 

11.00 

9.00 

10.50 

10.00 

3.50 

6.00 

18.00 

4.50 

4.50 

7.00 

6.00 



$35.00 
35.00 

8.00 
18.00 

8.00 
35.00 
10.25 
18.50 
14.00 
21.50 
25.00 
23.80 

7.50 
25.00 
23.30 

6.00 
25.00 
20.80 
12.00 

9.35 
11.50 
18.00 
20.00 
15.80 
19.50 
18.00 

6.00 
10.00 
33.00 

7.00 

7.00 
11.00 
10.00 



ROUTE 
Fronn Mackinac Is'd. 



L. M.&.L. S. T. Co. 
L. M. &L. S.T. Co. 
Hannah, Lay &. Co. 
L M.Line. L.M.&L.S T.Co. 
Inland Nav. Co. 
L. M.&L. S. T. Co. 
Hannah, Lay &. Co. 
Smith &. Adams. 
N. M. Line. 
Smith &. Adams. 
L. M. &.L. S.T. Co. 
D., M. &.M. R. R. 
N.M.L'e.H.L.&.,Co. 
L. M. &L. S.T. Co. 
D., M. & M. R. R. 
Inland Nav. Co. 
L. M.&L. S. T. Co. 
D., M. & M. R. R. 
N. M. Line. 
M.C.Ry M'k. toD't. 
Smith &. Adams. 
L. M.&L L. S.T. Co. 
L. M. &.L. S.T. Co. 
D., M.& M. R. R. 
Smith &. Adams. 
L.H.&L.S.T.Co. N.M.Liae. 
Inland Nav. Co. 
N. M. Line. 
L M. &L. S.T. Co. 
KJlLine.lM&Co.ln.Kav.Co. 
G. R. & I Ry. 
L.M. & L.S.T. Co. S. &A. 
Hannah, Lay &. Co. 



J 



The above fares include meals and berths on the Steamers between Mackinac 
Island and destination. Meals and berths are extra on the steamers between Cleve- 
land, Detroit and Mackinac Island. $3.00 or $3.50 added to the single trip rate, and 
$6.00 or $7.00 to the round trip rate will cover the extras from Detroit. From 
Cleveland, add $4-50 or $6.00 single trip, and $9.50 or $il.00 round trip, 

36 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



These floating palaces were recently built especially for the sum- 
mer tourists' travel. The forward and after saloons finished in mahog- 
any and walnut respectively are magnificently appointed and tastefully 
decorated, and their elegant rooms and parlors are replete with all 
modern improvements. The lower saloons are devoted exclusively to 
dining halls, thus entirely separating the culinary departments from the 
main saloons and sleeping apartments. This desirable feature is only 
possible on the large side-wheel steamers of this line. Both steamers 
are built of iron, and provided with four water tight compartments. 
Feathering paddles give them unusual speed, without jar or noise. 

Visitors to the city as frequently pay a visit of inspection to these 
steamers as to any other attraction which the city offers, and at his office 
the General Passenger Agent will be found ever ready to show and 
explain. Courteous employees are attentive to every want, letters and 
telegrams are cheerfully answered, and the best accommodations re- 
served to those applying early, stating fully the particulars as to party 
to be accommodated. 

The water trip thus afforded is not excelled anywhere, and the round 
trip affords a daylight view of all portions of the pleasant route. 
Occasionally parties find it agreeable to make even more than one round 
trip. Certainly no more comfortable place can be found outside of one's 
own home in which to spend the sultry days of summer, than on board 
of one of these splendidly appointed steamers, and the change of scene 
and sniff of fresh air will benefit many who vainly seek relief at the 
physicians' hands. 

If you wish to return on the same trip there is from four to six 
hours at the island between the arrival and departure of your steamer, 
which affords a glimpse at the curiosities and wonders. Carriages are at 
hand for those who wish. Round trip tickets are good for the return 
passage at any time, by either steamer, and your stay can be prolonged 
as desired. These steamers leave Mackinac about every thirty-six hours. 
For the benefit of those who think they cannot take the time for a round 
trip by steamer, a circular ticket at reduced rates can be obtained which 
provides for a trip one way by steamer, and the other by rail. 

The cost of the trip from Detroit to Mackinac Island is the least 
possible to insure complete comfort. Tickets, covering transportation 
only, can be procured from any railroad ticket agent, at $3.00 single trip, 
or $5.00 round trip from Detroit. Half fare for children between five 
and twelve years of age. Meals are 50 cents each, the same price being 
charged for children over three years old, under that age 25 cents, and 
they can be brought to the first table, 



34th Season. 




Established 1850. 




General Offices Detroit and Cleveland Steam Navigation Co,, loot of Wayne Street, Detroit, Mich 



D. CARTER, 

General Manager. 



J. F. HENDERSON, 

General Freight Agent. 



C. D. WHITCOMB, 

General Passenger and 



Ticket Agent 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



The running time from Detroit includes four meals, which, at 50 
cents each would be $2.00 each way. An upper berth of single width 
in a room is $1.00, a lower berth of double width is $1.50. 

Put these items together, say for 

Single Trip. Round Trip. 

Transportation $ 3.00 .. $ 5.00 

4 meals at 50 cents each 2.00 . . 4.00 

An upper berth 100.. 2.00 

Total with upper berth . . .$ 6.00.. $11.00 

Extra for a lower berth 50.. 1.00 

Total with lower berth $ 6.50 $1 2.00 

Orfortwoin one room ($6.00 and $6.50). . $12.50 $23.00 c or $1 1.50 
For three in one room, add transportation j each. 

and meals only for the extra person . . 5.00.. 9.00 

Total cost from Detroit to Mackinac, for tor $10.67 

three persons occupying but one room $17.50.. $32.00 | each. 

Each room will accommodate two or three persons. 

A single individual desiring to occupy a room by himself can arrange 
for it at an advance of the above prices. 

Meals and berths are arranged for exclusively by the company. 

This delightful trip to Mackinac by water, a distance of 740 miles in 
the round trip, occupying 2f days, costing only $11.00 or $12.00, or 
about $4.00 per day, is within the reach of a large number who make a 
practice of leaving home for a short time during the summer months. 

Parties who intend taking the Wednesday or Friday morning steamer 
and arrive in Detroit Tuesday or Thursday evening will be accommodated 
with the use of staterooms for those nights without extra charge. On 
arrival of the hour of departure our steamer, heading up stream springs, 
on the stern line which throws her bow out towards the middle of the 
broad river, clear of all obstructions, and in a moment we are under full 
speed. Taking the deep channel on the east or Canadian side of Belle 
Isle Park our course lies E. ^ N. for 23 minutes to a point within one mile 
of Belle Isle Light; then N. E. ^ N. for 10 min, to Windmill Point Light; 
E. N. E. 13 min. to Light Ship; N. E. | N. through Lake St. Clair 56 minutes 
to the Government canal. Lake St. Clair is about 22 miles long and 22 
wide, the water is shallow, and large steamers leave a trail of mud behind 
them, thrown up from the bottom by their paddles. 

40 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



k 





Bwteafa 




ST. CLAIR FLATS , twenty-seven miles 

from Detroit, comprises a large area of low 

marshy land. There is, however, no stand- 

^^ ing water anywhere, and it is probably one 

t\^ of the best and most extensive fishing 
*3| and shooting grounds to be found. The 
>ai temperature of the pure running water is 
■"*■" such that fish are found hard and sound 
even in the warmest weather. At this point 
the St. Clair river empties into Lake St. Clair, 
through six different winding channels, which 
■ form a large number of low marshy islands. 
The game and fish found here attract sportsmen from all parts of the 
country, and it has long been famous for its fine black bass. Of the 
large number of pleasure seekers who patronize the river steamers, a 
majority stop off at this half-way place to spend the day, or enjoy a fish 
supper, returning by the evening steamer. 

Only a few years ago there were no houses on the Flats. The river 
steamers stopped as they met, and transferred such passengers as 
desired to return to Detroit. This accommodation became very 
popular, but was highly inconvenient when there was much wind and 
sea. The fame of the place was wide spread throughout other portions 
of the country, before the citizens of our own city and state fairly 
appreciated its advantages. From an early period, however, it has been 
the practice of a few persons residing in Detroit and vicinity to 
occasionally visit the locality during the summer months for a day 
or two of sport, sometimes taking a scow along and rigging a shelter ; 
but no steps were taken towards utilizing the grounds as a place of 
regular resort during the fishing season until the fall of 1871. 

At that time a movement was made looking to the organization of a 
club to consist of possibly forty members, from among the young busi- 
ness men of Detroit, for the purpose of constructing and maintaining 
a club house, to be located upon lake St. Clair, at a point which might 
be selected as the most convenient from which to reach the fishing 
grounds. The proposition met with great favor, and it soon became 
manifest that the membership of the proposed club would exceed by 
far the number first intended, and that the contemplated improvements 
would have to be correspondingly enlarged. In the spring of 1872, the 
original club house was built upon its present site, about one-third of a 
mile above the ship canal. It was constructed entirely upon piles, with 
running water around and beneath it. This building has been added to 

42 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



and enlarged several times, and is occupied for dining purposes, and 
the accommodation of members' families. A capacious slip has been 
dredged, and the material taken therefrom utilized in the making of 
ground, upon which has been erected an additional building, which for 
general architectural appearance, and convenience of arrangement for 
parlor and sleeping room purposes, is truly admirable. In the rear of 
the first named buDding, and connected therewith by a covered passage 
way, is a two story building used as a kitchen, with sleeping apartments 
for servants. One of the prominent features of the Club improvements 
is a capacious ice-house, within which is built one of the most complete 




River Bank above the St. Clair Mineral Springs. 

modern refrigerator. rooms. Several additional buildings, the property 
of individual members of the Club, together with the long line of boat- 
houses owned by the Club and its members, give to the place the 
appearance of quite a settlement. The present membership of the 
Club is two hundred, and is limited to that number. The organization 
is incorporated, and each member restricted to a single share of stock, 
which is in great demand, and commands ready sale at a large 
premium. 

The location of the Club House next raised a demand for a public 
resort at this point ; a wharf was built about a mile further north, earth 

43 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



was dredged up, and Star Island created. The Star Island House was 
then built by the steamboat line, for the entertainment of those who 
desired the accommodation. This hotel has just been enlarged by its 
present proprietor, Mr. James Slocum, and now has a capacity for the 
entertainment of one hundred guests. It has a fine lawn set with flower 
beds and shade trees, and a good wharf. An abundance of boats, 
fishing tackle and all the etceteras which go to make up a perfect 
resort are constantly on hand. The river steamers land hundreds of 
Detroit citizens every day during the summer. The rates are : fare, 
round trip, from Detroit, 50 cents ; board at hotel, per day, $2.00 ; per 
week, $10.00, or 50 cents per meal ; row boats, $1.00 per day, 75 cents 
half a day or 25 cents per hour ; sail boats, per day, $1.50, half a day, 
$1 .00, or 50 cents per hour ; bait, per dozen, shiners, 10 cents ; perch, 
15 cents ; chubs, 35 cents ; craws, 25 cents ; frogs, 25 cents. Fishing 
tackle is free, or with reel, 50 cents. Guides, or punters, as they are 
called, can be hired for $2.00 per day. Muscalonge, pickerel, perch 
and black bass, the latter large and gamey, are plentiful. The fishing 
season commences May 1st, and lasts until October. The duck shoot- 
ing season begins September 1st. Decoys can be had on the island. 
The best class of Detroit people patronize this resort, which makes a 
specialty of fish suppers. A pleasanterjauntcannot be found, and the 
cost is moderate. Visitors to Detroit should not miss this trip. 

The North Channel Club House, which is located about one and 
one half miles north of this point, is reached by a small steamer every 
other day. Another handsome summer resort, which is to cost $30,000, 
is contemplated just above Star Island, on what is known as Stansell's 
Island. 

The Flats belong to the government, and have never been sur- 
veyed. It is truly debatable ground, inasmuch as it belongs to no one 
in particular, and those who have built cottages, hotels, and club 
houses, hold possession by the right of Squatter Sovereignty only. The 
government agents at the land office say they cannot even give a pre- 
emption title, so that practically any one has a right to build a house 
anywhere on the Flats, outside of the channels. 

Before many years the bank on the American side will be lined with 
summer cottages, club houses and resorts. The entrance to St. Clair 
river through the narrow winding channels at this point, was formerly 
attended with great danger of running aground. To improve and 
shorten the entrance, the U. S. Government constructed a ship canal 
8,200 feet long, 200 feet wide and 16 feet deep. It was commenced in 
1867, and completed in 1871 , at a cost of $653,550. The banks of the 

^4 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



canal have a fine growth of willow trees, and a light house is nnaintained 
at each end. Steamers are required to slow down to six miles per 
hour, in passing through, thereby preventing the wash of its sides. The 
steamers of this line do not stop at the Flats, the current being swift 
and the wharves too short to moor a long steamer securely. 




Second Ward School, near St. Clair Mineral Springs. 

A mile further up the channel, Joe Bedor, a French squatter and 
fisherman, entertains those who prefer less restraint and more common 
fare, than is found at the more pretentious Star Island. At the bend, 
on the east side is located the Canadian Club House. This property 
includes the entire flats on this side of the channel, and is leased from 
the Canadian government. The members of this club reside mostly at 
Toronto and Ottawa. About two miles farther on is the beautiful St. 
Clair river, which is 48 miles long and 1|- wide. Some of the islands at 
its mouth are inhabited by a small number of Indians. Steamers keep 
in the middle of the river, unless they have landings to make, and 
tourists greatly enjoy this portion of the trip. Some six miles from its 
mouth on the Canada side, the Chenal-Ecarte river empties into the St. 
Clair. The name means the lost channel, and is pronounced by the 
Canadians, Sni-cart-e. Small Canadian steamers navigate this river for 
some miles, touching at Wallaceburg and Dresden. 

45 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




MARINE CITY . 50 miles from Detroit, 
on St. Clair river at the mouth of Belle 
river, has 2,000 inhabitants. Those seek- 
ing rest from business cares would find 
this place both quiet and attractive, and 
unembarrassed by the strict social for- 
malities so common to fashionable 
resorts. Comfortable hotel accommo- 
dations can be had at reasonable rates, 
it has all the advantages of the much and 
justly praised St. Clair river, is but a short 
distance from the hunting and fishing grounds of the St. Clair Fiats, 
and withal it has the best of facilities for keeping informed of the 
doings of the outside world. No place of its size in the country has so 
extensively engaged in ship building, some two hundred vessels of 
various classes have been turned out, and a vessel may be seen under 
construction on the stocks at any time. 

The Marine City Stave Co. recently discovered a bed of salt rock or 
salt in its natural state, after boring to the depth of 1,700 feet, and is 
now engaged in manufacturing a superior quality of the saline in large 
quantities, having the most extensive works in the State. The process 
of dissolving this rock is by pumping the St. Clair river water into the 
well, which washes the rock and becomes brine, it is then forced up 
into tanks and made back into salt. This great basin of salt, which as 
faV as discovered is 115 feet thick, promises to make Marine City the 
center of a great salt producing country. 

As one writer happily puts it, " The conspicuous enterprise of the 
Detroit and Cleveland Steam Navigation Co. in furnishing palatial 
steamers, famous no less for their comfort than speed is fast bringing 
the happiest results to the banks of the beautiful St. Clair river. They 
have caused a realization of the fact that the summer cottage of the 
tourist is here and with it bringing a desire for improvements that is fast 
making its shores bright ' with unnumbered shapes of new delight.' " 
While the wood lasted in quantities sufficient to make the article cheap, 
the steam craft of the lakes which were then mostly burning wood, got 
their supply largely from these river towns. The failure of the supply 
as a business accounts for so many wharves being allowed to go to ruin. 
A little more than 50 years ago the first steamer was placed on this 
river. It was constructed from two canoes spread apart, and having a 
bow and stern fitted to them. Woodcock Island lies in the middle of 
the river, and Corunna is the Canadian town opposite. 

46 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



The St. Clair river is the connecting link between the great upper 
and lower lakes. The water that connposes this river to day is the same 
that will be passing over Niagara Falls a few weeks hence. A pen des- 
cription can scarcely do justice to this magnificent stream, which 
possesses a magnetic attraction such as would of itself almost draw 
pleasure and health seekers to its shores. 

Unlike the great Mississippi, the beautiful Hudson, and other 
famous rivers of the world, the waters of the St. Clair are always clear, 
and varying in color from the deepest blue to the lightest green, 
according to atmospheric conditions. It is not subject to tides or 
freshets, the velocity of its current varying from two and one-half to 
three miles per hour. Not only does the traffic upon this river impress 
one with the vastness of the commerce of the great lakes, but its con- 
tinually changing panoramic views produce an effect on the mind never 
to be forgotten. 




/ling Alley of Oakland House, near St. Clair Mineral Springs. 

One of its widest and most picturesque points is at St. Clair, where 
the Michigan shore makes a grand curve, giving to the town built '.jpon 
its high and sloping bank, a most commanding appearance. 

The elegant steamer Mary makes a round trip daily between Algonac 
and Port Huron, this with the daily line from Detroit, and the City of 
Mackinac and City of Cleveland, give visitors to the St. Clair Mineral 
Springs and other places on the river, a frequent service by water. 

47 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




ST. CLAIR . 58 miles from Detroit, 
witli a population of 2,500, is situated 
on the west bank of the St. Clair 
river. The location is the highest and 
most charming natural site for a town 
to be found anywhere along the 
river or lake shores, between Lake 
Erie and Lake Superior. 

While it is one of the oldest 
towns in the State, it is not old 
fashioned orfossil, neither is it crude 
and bustling. There are many fine and costly private residences, 
school houses, churches and other public buildings. Its social, religious 
and educational advantages are unusually excellent. Most of the 
leading religious denominations are represented and well sustained. 
Special mention should be made of the Somerville school, an institution 
for the thorough education of girls and young women. 

St. Clair is especially favored in its salubrious climate, desirable 
temperature, and an unusually large number of bright skies and pleasant 
days ; fogs are of rare occurrence, while the autumn months are the 
glory of the year. Its comparative freedom from malaria, mosquitoes, 
etc., is a matter of great importance to tourists and invalids 

The great attraction in this vicinity is the ST. CLAiR MINERAL SPRING. 
The waters of this spring, though of recent discovery, have, through 
the public spirited liberality of a few enterprising citizens, already be- 
come famous for their medicinal properties, and undoubtedly stand at 
the head of all healing waters, being endorsed by the highest medical 
authority, and especially recommended by physicians in the treatment 
of the following : Rheumatism in all its various forms ; neuralgia, gout, 
sciatica, paralysis, muscular contractions, nervous prostration, mental 
disorders, insomnia ; all diseases of the skin and blood — as scrofula, 
erysipelas, ulcers, etc. ; dyspepsia, indigestion, stomach disorders, 
malaria ; all diseases of the kidneys and liver ; diabetis, sprains, varicose 
veins, catarrh; ordinary colds, piles, spinal and cerebral disorders ; 
effects of mercurial poisoning, blood poison, etc. 

THE BATH HOUSE adjoins the hotel building on the south, and is 
practically a part of it. It is furnished with 30 handsome bath rooms. 
Those set apart for gentlemen have commodious wardrobes; while a 
private dressing room adjoins each ladies' bath, a convenience which 
will be greatly appreciated, and which forms a distinctive contrast with 



any other bathing establishment in the country. The ladies' department 

48 



1 



r I I I. ;!' ■ I . I !| : | - 1 ^ '^-J 



Xr 



T*T~' 



Ln 














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ic 



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HDIM.H1/IJ0T2 .38UON OMAJTtAO 3i 



TT I I I I I ITT 

.Tnn:i:|ifiTXT.:T.T,r 
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DIAGRAM OF THE BATH HOUSE AND PRINCI PAL ( OR MAIN ) FLOORS OF THE OAKLAND HOUSE. STCLAIR , Ml CH . 



"TT^ 



i ill 1*1 |.«i I , i , , ■" »^' "' *' ''' 




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tiooon HTAB ZT^ne 






By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



is entirely separated from the gentlem°n's, each having a reception 
room and a parlor. The bath rooms are lighted from the roof, and 
heated by steam so arranged as to secure any desired temperature, 
and are supplied with electric call-bells, leading to the office of the 
attendant physician, under whose direction the baths are given. The 
bath tubs are porcelain lined. There are also two separate swimming 
baths for ladies and gentlemen respectively. Here may be enjoyed at 
any season the luxury of a swim in this miniature sea of tepid, diluted, 
ever-changing mineral water, with an equally mild and adjustable 
atmosphere ; where men, women and children may safely learn the so 
necessary art of swimming. These baths form one of the most 
healthful, popular and characteristic features at the Springs. 

The bath house being connected with the Oakland Hotel, is an 
important consideration, as guests in passing between their rooms and 
the baths are not exposed to other than a mild and equable tempera- 
ture. There are also, in different parts of the bath house building, 
four large open fire-places, which ensure at once comfort and ventila- 
tion. Other internal arrangements include private consultation rooms, 
offices, closets, etc. 

A broad and commodious veranda extends across the entire front 
of the bath house, and connects with that of the hotel, mailing a con- 




Somerville School River Frorrt, near St. Clair Minera( Springs. 

49 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



tinuous veranda, fronting the river, 12 to 20 feet wide and 600 feet in 
length. 

On approaching St. Clair by the steamer City of Mackinac or City 
of Cleveland, after having feasted your eyes for miles upon the most 
charming lake and river scenery, you suddenly observe a stir, and hear 
repeated among the passengers, " The Oakland Hotel." 

Upon looking in the direction indicated, your eye is greeted with a 
scene which impresses you as so delightful, magnificent, restful, invit- 
ing, that you almost resolve to land, though your destination be further 
on. Though you may have been an extensive traveler, we venture the 
assertion that seldom have your eyes rested uppn a group of buildings 
which, from a distant view, seemed so much in harmony with, so much 
a part of the general landscape, as " The Oakland " at St. Clair. 

Reaching the hotel wharf you at once decide, if you have not 
already done so, to land, and with others pass from the steamer, wonder- 
ing if experience will confirm your first pleasing impressions. 
Approaching the main building, situated a few rods distant, you observe 
more closely the carefully selected position, the broad and well kept 
grounds, its unique and attractive architecture, 

As you mount the hotel steps and instinctively turn for one look 
toward the quiet, expanding river, you can not but admit that while 
Nature has been doubly kind in planting one of her most favorite 
springs of healing in such a favored spot, the art and hand of man have 
been no less successful in furthering her beneficent designs. 

The hotel, in its structure, arrangements and general management, 
is a most admirable realization of its design, which was to combine 
abundant first-class hotel accommodations with charming scenery and 
a healthful location for those who might come to enjoy the benefits of 
the mineral spring, as well as for summer visitors and pleasure seekers 
generally. 

There has already been expended upon the Oakland buildings and 
grounds nearly a quarter of a million of dollars, not including an exten- 
sive tract of timber land, which is being rapidly developed into a 
pleasure park, for the benefit of Oakland guests. 

The hotel is constructed of wood, with a main frontage of 600 feet, 
and stands on rising ground, a few rods back from the river. Its 
architecture is in the general Swiss style. It is five stories high in tlie 
central portion, and surmo.unted by three tower-like eminences. The 
main part of the hotel building is a light olive-green, while the upper 
and tiled portion is a deep brick red, giving to the whole a decidedly 
novel and pleasing effect. 

50 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



Along the fronL, on the main floor, and across the north end, are 
the broad verandas before alluded to ; also on the main floor in the 
rear, and again at the third story, front and rear — making the total 
length of verandas over 1 ,000 feet. The views from the front veran- 
das which overlook the broad river, up and down, produce upon the 
beholder an effect not easily described. This grand effect is largely 
due to the carefully selected site, just at the right point in the river 
bend, and at just the right distance back, to secure tlie most extensive 
outlook in both directions. The changing moods of Nature and the 
floating commerce of man vary these delightful scenes, constantly 
adding new life and interest. 




First Ward School— Catholic Church In distance, near St. Clair Mineral Springs, 
The office is a handsome and commodious room, occupying the 
center portion of the main floor, and overlooks the river. Its most 
inviting feature is an immense open fire place on the north side, 
which, even without a fire, gives out a general feeling of home like 
comfort and a warm welcome. Adjoining the office is the public 
parlor and the usual rooms for reading, smoking, etc. 

Passing southward from the public parlor along the main hell, 
we find opening on either side, guest rooms, furnished with rare 
elegance and taste, so arranged that they may be used either singly 
or in suites. Passing back through the office to the north 

51 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



wing, we enter the spacious dining Ua.\\, capable of seating 300 guests. 
It is the frequent testinriony of travelers and tourists that here rs to be 
found one of the best supplied and best furnished public tables in the 
State. Adjoining the public dining hall is the ladies' ordinary, which is 
quite as cheerful, and the more elegant of the two. 

The culinary and kitchen arrangements are on an unusually thorough 
and extensive scale. A glance over this department — in some sense 
" the heart of the house " — will at once convince you that here are 
exercised a thoroughness, a neatness and a system in full keeping witK 
what you have noticed elsewhere throughout and about the Oakland. 

Adjoining the office at the north we ascend the 'main stairway to 
the floors above, or, if you prefer, we will take the elevator, which is 
supplied with air cushions and other appliances for safety, and runs 
from the basement to the fifth story. On the floor above the office, in 
the center of the building, is an elegantly furnished private parlor, 
opening upon the upper veranda which overlooks the river. The 
remainder of this floor and those above are devoted to guests' cham- 
bers. It is frequently remarked by those who have inspected this hotel 
that, unlike other public resorts, the rooms — of which there are one 
hundred and fifty — are all uniformly pleasant and desirable 

The Oakland, in short, is a model — in its location, appearance, 
arrangement and furnishing. The rooms are heated by steam, lighted 
by gas, and are connected with the office by electric call-bells. 

An automatic electric fire-alarm system gives notice at the office of 
any fire, and indicates its precise location, Babcock fire extinguishers 
are placed at convenient points on each floor. 

As a further protection against fire, the proprietors have lately con- 
structed water-works, upon a plan claiming to be superior to the Holly 
system, having a pumping capacity of nearly two millions of gallons 
every twenty-four hours — capable of supplying the entire population of 
the city. Connected with this pump are pipes running through the 
various halls, to which fire hose are attached. 

Surrounding the hotel are large water mains, with hydrants con- 
veniently located, by which eight unbroken one inch streams of water 
can be simultaneously thrown a hundred feet high. Through this 
effective system an abundant supply of purest water, for drinking and 
culinary uses;is secured, drawn direct from the deep channel of the St. 
Clair river. At the north end of the hotel building, on the main floor, 
is a fine room, 60x40, expressly arranged and set apart as a music or 
concert room, dancing hall, etc. Should the Oakland guest tire of the 
different views, inspections, billiards, shooting gallery, bowling, and 

52 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



other in-door games and amusements, he may regale himself with a 
variety of out-door pastimes and recreations. 

On the lawns may be found the different games of the day. 

At the boat-house you may procure a clean, dry boat, and enjoy to 
your heart's content, a ride on the river, or the finny tribe may lure you 
to their haunts with hook and line. Fish and game of ali varieties 
usually found in this latitude are abundant here. 

The river St. Clair, and the extensive St. Clair Flats have been 
designated by writers as the liome of the black bass and duck. 

For riding and driving, a fine road extends along the river, a dis- 




A D.'ive along the Bank of the River, near the St. Clair Mineral Springs, 
tance of some thirty miles. In connection with the hotel is a livery 
establishment, complete in all its appointments, supplying rigs of ail 
descriptions— from the Shetland pony and cart to the stately landau, 
from the spirited Kentucky saddler to the spacious park wagon. 

There are numerous other attractions in and about the Oakland, 
which you will best appreciate by a personal visit. 

Courtright,the Canadian town on the opposite side of the river, is 
the terminus of a branch of the Michigan Central R. R. which con- 
nects at St. Thomas with the main line from Buffalo. The drive from St. 
Clairto Port Huron, a distance of twelve miles.is charming. 

58 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




.>^ 



PORT HURON . 70 miles from Detroit, has 
12,000 inhabitants, and is situated at the footof 
Lake Huron, on the St. Clair River, the finest 
and purest stream of water in the world, the 
pride of the people who reside on its banks, 
and the admiration of tourists. The soil is 
sandy, and consequently free from malaria. 
The Holly Water Works supply the City with water as clear as crystal, 
which; with the cool breeze from Lake Huron afford two great 
vitalizing elements of Nature, PURE AIR AND WATER, making it a 
healthful City, and a pleasant place to pass a hot summer. On the 
opposite bank of the river (Canada) Sarnia, with 5,000 inhabitants, is 
beautifully situated, and has long been a great resort for Southern 
people. There are large hotels and all conveniences for tourists. 
One mile above is Sarnia Bay, a paradise for sportsmen. Splen- 
did fishing is found here, the finest pickerel, bass and perch are 
caught with hook and line. There is also good shooting, and ducks 
of all kinds are shot in large quantities. These localities are easily 
reached by ferryboats. One mile above Port Huron is Fort Gratiot, 
where the Grand Trunk R. R. have their headquarters, and have built 
two of the largest Car building and Locomotive shops in this country. 
Over 1,000 men are employed. The Fort established in 1814 was 
discontinued in 1879. This place has been known for years as a 
fine summer resort. There are two large hotels and good 
boating and fishing. Two miles north of Fort Gratiot is HURONIA 
BEACH, a famous watering place, and great resort for families. 
At this point the lake narrows to the entrance of St. Clair river, and 
a fine view is had of the shipping passing and repassing day and 
night. Often fifty sail of vessels, steamers and tugs are in view at 
once, presenting a panoramato be greatly admired. This resort, nestled 
among trees, consists of a long line of cottages, with a central 
dining hall. A white sand beach lies between them and the lake. 
The buildings are all of a neat style of architecture, and present an 
attractive appearance. Cottagers pay for meals $4.00 per week for 
adults, and $3.00 for children. The dining hall is 24x154, with kitchen, 
ice house, laundry, pavilion, etc. The resort is established on eco- 
nomical principles. Servants are not allowed to accept fees of any 
kind. Fresh water bathing is unsurpassed. Everything is made attractive, 
especially for children, and it is truly called the "Children's Paradise." 
The cottages are also supplied with fine lake water, by hydrants in rear 
of each. Groves and natural forests are within the limits. 

54 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



What are the great numbers of quiet, well dressed people doing 
here on the wharf so early Sunday morning? They are going to Sand 
Beach with us; they can make the round trip to-day, getting back this 
evening on the City of Cleveland. During the four summer months this 
Company sell round trip tickets every Sunday for One Dollar, and whole 
families avail themselves of the quiet ride. No liquors are sold on 
any of this company's steamers, and everything is conducted in such an 
orderly manner that the rowdy element is not encouraged to patronize 
them, hence these Sunday trips are an attractive feature of the line. 
Detroit people take this trip also, as they can leave home Saturday night 
and get back Monday morning in season for breakfast. They have 
about three hours at the Beach. Passengers who are destined for 
Goderich and the Manitoba Country leave us here and cross the river to 
take the Sarnia line of steamers. 

The steamers City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland leave Port 
Huron going north four times each week, viz.: every Tuesday and Sun- 
day morning at 7 o'clock, and Wednesday and Friday at 16 o'clock, 
central standard time, (which is the time on which all railroad trains 
are run on the American side of the river.) Passengers from the line 
of the Chicago &. Grand Trunk R. R. and from the Saginaw Valley over 
the P. H. &. N. W. R. R. can time it to connect with these steamers 
here as well as at Detroit, the fare being the same from either point, 
but one less meal is required. 

The steamers stop at Fort Gratiot one mile above, and half way to 
the lake, (in the narrows of the river where the current is very swift) 
for passengers who have come by the Grand Trunk R. R. from Mon- 
treal and other points in Canada. These trains run on eastern standard 
time, which is one hour faster than ours. 

The trip through the lake is a decided change from what it has 
been for the last six hours, and is a relief from the mental, strain of 
seeing too much at one time. From this out all points of interest 
are to be seen on the port (or left hand) side, until we reach Cheboygan, 
the Canadian shore of the lake being too far away to be seen. We 
get outside, and when "abreast" of Fort Gratiot light the steamer is 
headed to N. ^- W., on which course we run 3^ hours, the outline of the 
shore being in sight all the way. This brings us to within 5 milesof Sand 
Beach, when we "haul in" to N. W. x N. for the harbor of refuge. 
The captain keeps well out into the lake as he likes " lots of sea 
room," these palatial iron steamers not being obliged to conform to 
the old adage "Small boats must keep near the shore." 

56 




Leaning Rock, Mackinac Island. 




Mam Street, Mackinac Island. 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




SAND BEACH . 137 miles from Detroit, 
is the largest village of that peninsular of 
Michigan, called the " Thumb," (the lower 
part of the State resembling a hand). The 
shore below is rocky, but at this point 
the bluffs recede, and the waters in the 
bay wash a beach of fine, white sand. 
The village is principally built on ground 
40 feet above the level of the lake. The 

i............»;::......LJ..... ...,.,„..^„ ^^^'^^ slopes gently back a few hundred 

feet, reaching a natural terrace which rises 30 feet from the lake, 
and back of which a few hundred feet more is a second terrace, 10 
feet high, on which most of the village is built, commanding a fine 
view of the lake and harbor which is enclosed by a substantial 
breakwater built by the Government at an expense of over $1,000,000. 
It is 8,000 feet long, and in from 18 to 30 feet of water. The har- 
bor contains 303 acres outside of 12 feet of water, and 160 acres 
outside of 18 feet of water, giving space to float a large amount of 
shipping. The greatest number of vessels that have at any one 
time sought shelter is 89. At such times the harbor is a vast forest 
of masts. While the harbor has proved of vast local benefit, giving 
unequalled shipping facilities, it is the only point on this shore 
where all steamers and vessels can stop. 

In 1871 the town was destroyed by fire, and until 1876 it re- 
mained about as the fire left it. The village was incorporated in 
1281, and has a population of 1,300. The North Star Roller Mill was 
the first complete roller mill built in Michigan, and has a capacity 
of 250 barrels of flour per day. A salt well 715 feet deep furnishes 
brine for manufacturing 150 barrels of salt per day. 

Private capital furnished the Holly Water Works. A government life 
saving station established here is fully equipped with the latest and 
most approved apparatus. Fishing is extensively carried on; white fish, 
trout, bass, perch, pickerel, herring, etc., are abundant. Angling for the 
small fry affords capital, sport, but it comes to business when white fish 
and trout are to be caught, and there are no finer fish in the world when 
taken fresh from the deep blue waters of the lake. 

The Sand Beach Summer Resort Association, when in operation will 
afford families with hotel and cottage facilities at reasonable rates. 
This is a fine spot for a watering place. The harbor furnishes excellent 
opportunities for boating, fishing and bathing, the waters within the 
breakwater being always calm and safe, while the good drives, 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



pleasant society and the healthful, bracing air of Lake Huron make it a 
most desirable place to spend a few weeks during the hot season. The 
great body of fresh water lying east so modifies the heat and cold that 
the atmosphere shows a temperature of remarkable evenness and 
healthfulness. The country back of this place is the only known 
habitat of the elk in Michigan. 

The Port Huron &. Northwestern trains, which will take you to the 
interior towns along the shore are only a short distance from the 
landing. 

But the gong has sounded, and dinner is in order. On this latter 
point you have no doubt been already well informed by your inner 
consciousness, for the clear air of Lake Huron is an appetizer unsur- 
passed. Many of our fellow-passengers from Port Huron are already 
at the table, having no time to spare as the landing will very shortly be 
reached. You can even now see the outlines of the breakwater on the 
port bow, and the steamer will soon be headed in for the entrance. 

Says a gentleman who has been a frequent passenger on these 
steamers : There is something very characteristic about this line, a 
kind of individuality that to me is admirable, and the more I see of the 
workings of their system for doing business, the more I am convinced 
that the officers on shore and on board are equally interested in a 
thoughtful study for the most perfect comfort of their patrons. For 
instance, look at this tasteful dining-room below decks occupying one 
water tight compartment, and the kitchen and pantry beyond, another. 
The iron doors between can in cases of necessity be closed by means 
of a lever operated from the upper deck, thus rendering either com- 
partment water tight. Special permission was required to use 
these compartments connected. It will at once be seen that 
this arrangement relieves the upper saloons from all odors of the 
kitchen, noise of rattling dishes, inconvenience of cumbersome 
furniture, and the rushing about of numerous attendants. It requires 
but little observation here to realize that discipline and a strict atten. 
tion to details is the key to the successful and quiet working of every 
department, while an excellent rule of the Company forbids any 
employee from soliciting fees. Dismissal from the service follows any 
disregard of this rule, and in fact any inattention to guests if reported 
to the steward receives immediate notice. 

The meals, which are unsurpassed in quality and quantity, in- 
clude all the luxuries of the season, and are offered at a price which 
barely meets the outlay. They are all served by a bill of fare equal ta 
that of any first-class hotel. 

60 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



STEAMER CITY OF MACKINAC. WEDNESDAY, AUG. 15, '83. 

BILL OF FARE. 



DINNER. 

SOUP. 

Mulligatawney. Cream of Barley, a la Royal. 

FISH. 

Baked White, Claret Sauce. Fillets of Mackinac Trout, German Sauce. 

COLD MEATS. 
Lambs' Tongue, Pickled. Beef Tongue. Pressed Corned Beef. 

BOILED. 

Chicken, Egg Sauce. Leg of Mutton, Caper Sauce. Sugar Cured Ham. 

Corned Beef and Cabbage. 

ROAST. 

Spring Lamb, Mint Sauce. Mutton, Brown Sauce. Turkey. 

Rib of Beef, Brown Sauce. Roast Pork, Apple Sauce. 

ENTREES. 

Salmi of Duck, with Olives. Maccaroni, with Cheese, Chicken Salad. 

Mince of Veal, with Poached Eggs. Pineapple Fritters. 

Pork and Beans, Boston Style. 

VEGETABLES. 

Potatoes Mashed. Green Peas. Green Corn. Tomatoes. 

Squash. New Beets. Potatoes, Boiled. 

RELISHES. 

Sliced Tomatoes. Chow-Chow. Mixed Pickles. Horse Radish. 

Worcestershire Sauce. Lettuce. Tomato Catsup. 

PASTRY. 

Apple Pie. Lemon Pie. Whortleberry Pie. 

English Plum Pudding, Spiced Brandy Sauce. 

CONFECTIONERY. 
Silver Cake. Fruit Cake. Cream Puffs. Sponge RoP. 

Maderia Wine Jelly. Vanilla Ice Cream. Strawberry Sherbet. 

DESSERT. 

Pecans. Layer Raisins. English Walnuts. Figs. Oranges. Apples. 



Coffee. Tea. 



MEAL HOURS. 

Breakfast, 7 to 9, Dinner, 12 to 2. Tea, 6 to 8. Meals sent to 
room will be charged double price. 

63 
















■t M' -I."!".,,, J 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



Referring to the Company's time-table we find that the Steamers 
City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland leave this port, going north, 
Sundays and Tuesdays at 12;30 o'clock, Wednesdays and Fridays at 
20:45 o'clock. Takmg a course east from the wharf, a five minutes' 
run brings us outside of the breakwater, and we head N., N. W. forone 
hour until abreast of Point Au Barques light. This point is at the 
entrance of Saginaw Bay, through which the Saginaw, Bay City and 
Alpena steamers run from Saginaw and Bay City, stopping at Tawas and 
connecting with this line at Oscoda. This light might be called 
the thumb nail, as it is at the extreme end of the small peninsula called 
the thumb. 

After passing this light, two trails of black smoke may be observed 
on the distant horizon. Our officers have been looking for it for some 
time, and recognize it at once as coming from their sister steamer the 
City of Cleveland. Some of our passengers who have been studying 
the time table have found that she was due to leave Oscoda at the same 
hour that we left Sand Beach, and have been expecting her along near 
this half-way place also; both officers and passengers are interested as 
the steamers approach each other, and as the two pass, indulge in an 
exchange of salutes of whistles, waving of handkerchiefs and shouts. 
Its only for an instant, both are running at a high rate of speed, and are 
soon far apart, then lost sight of altogether. We now follow a N. W. 
course for two and one-half hours, which takes us across the bay, a dis- 
tance of forty-five miles. This is the only spot where we lose sight of land. 

As you turn your attention once more towards the north, you may 
see the distant smoke of another steamer going our way ; you had not 
noticed her before, as she left Detroit twelve or fourteen hours ahead 
of us. We are fast overhauling her, and you become more and more 
interested as you notice how much more frequently great clouds of 
black smoke are thrown out from her one smoke-stack, and wonder why 
your fellow-passengers are again so interested. The fact of the matter 
is, they know the performance of these steamers so well that they fully 
expect them to pass everything they meet, and that, too, without any 
extra effort to burn more coal. The boys may pay a little more atten- 
tion to the journals, keeping them well oiled and clear so she will skip 
along to the best advantage, but on this they are ever watchful, and we 
will pass her, try as she may. 

But listen to the conversation; it will amuse you. On our right is a 
young lady from Savannah, Ga., on her first trip to Mackinac. The 
gentleman with whom she is speaking is her uncle from Boston, who 
comes up here every season. 

64 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 






" See! " she cries, " we are gaining on herl " 

"Yes," says the gentleman, "we will pass her within fifteen 
minutes." 

" Oh, myl how fast are we going? " 

" About seventeen or eighteen miles 'an hour." 

" How fast are they? " 

" Well, I don't know what steamer that is ; I should guess ten or 




65 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



twelve miles an hour. Some are that fast, and others don't make over 
eight miles." 

" Do they carry passengers ? 

" Yes, a few. They run into small ports that this line doesn't 
touch, and then they get a few through passengers, because she left 
twelve hours ahead of us, and it was thought naturally that they would 
arrive at their destination as much in advance; but the fact is, we will 
get through first, and this steamer on her return trip will meet her again 
somewhere out in the lake, still working her way up slowly." 

" Why, our steamer must get back to Detroit again, a long way 
ahead of that one I " 

" Oh, yes, she'll make two round trips while the other is making 
but one. In the fall when the weather is rough, the steamers of this 
line run in and out of their ports about on time, and sometimes leave 
other steamers tied up to the same wharf awaiting favorable weather, 
while we are making two and three trips." 

" Then passengers miss it by taking any but this line ? " 

" Most certainly they do. When only the City of Cleveland was 
running on this line, it was then sometimes an object to take the first 
steamer, if you were not particular about comfort, but the company 
built this elegant City of Mackinac, and now it makes no difference how 
anxious you may be to get through, its better to wait for her or the City 
of Cleveland, whichever happens to leave first, and you'll arrive at 
Mackinac Island ahead, every time, and even at Alpena, practically as 
soon." 

But here we go, past our friend, like an arrow shot from a bow, and 
the shouts die out, handkerchiefs disappear, and the craft becomes 
once more a mere speck in the blue distance. 

Passengers do not scatter however, because we have now arrived 
abreast of the wharf at Oscoda, and the wheelsman is hard at work 
throwing his wheel over to starboard for a ' two mile run ' due west to 
the landing, which is at a sharp right angle to the course we have been 
following." 

Among the amusing incidents which often occur on a long route 
like this, was one at Sand Beach not long ago. It so happened that 
one of the fastest one pipe steamers was just leaving the harbor going 
north, as the City of Cleveland was coming in at the lower entrance, 
bound in the same direction. The City of Cleveland was one hour 
and fifteen minutes discharging and taking on freight. On getting 
under way it was only one hour and ten minutes before she passed 
the first steamer at such a rapid rate that passengers thoucrht the one 
■^ 66 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



pipe was laying still. Shortly after a dense fog arose, but the City of 
Cleveland made Oscoda just the sanne as though it was a clear day. 
Without the thorough system and close watchfulness of our officers this 
would not be possible. As they cannot see, they are obliged to knov/. 
Some two hours later while discharging freight, this one pipe steamer 
came along signaling with her whistle that she could not find the 
entrance and asking for assistance, which the captain promptly ren- 
dered, by signals from the Cleveland's whistle. 

The rough exterior of a sailor has a tender spot beneath, 
And should distress be signalled, will always take a reef. 




Arch Rock, Mackinac Island. 

67 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




OSCODA . 195 miles from Detroit, has 2,000 
inhabitants, and is located at the mouth and 
on the northside of the Au Sable river. It was 
settled in 1874. The adjacent country com- 
prises extensive forests of pine, and lumber- 
ing is one of its chief interests. It also has 
extensive salt w/orks. The Detroit, Bay City 
and Alpena R. R. v\'as completed in the fall 
of 1883, to Alger Station, there forming a 
conr.ection with the Mackinac division of the 
Michigan Central R. R., making the inland towns between Bay City and 
Mackinac City easily accessible from this point. 

The town of Au Sable is located on the south side of the river_ It 
was settled in 1849, and has a population of 2,500. These ports have 
no harbor, and piers are built from the shore into deep water. 

As our steamer approaches the wharf we can see that there are 
quite a large number of people here also. Are they all coming on board 
you ask? No, not all of them. The arrival of the steamers of this line 
always brings out the people along the shore, especially on Sundays. 
Quite a large number of these, however, are going with us ; some came 
from Harrisville, and some from Alpena this morning, at one fare for the 
round trip. You will find by referring to the time table again that it so 
happens that the City of Cleveland leaves Alpena Sunday mornings at 
8 o'clock, and arrives at this place at noon, which gives aboutfour hours 
here, before the City of Mackinac comes along to take them home 
again. 

This is the only day in the week that it is possible to take a round 
trip for a short distance on these steamers, and you can easily imagine 
how delightful this arrangement must be for these people who have no 
extended variety of amusement. You observe again as you did at Port 
Huron that it is the quiet and orderly people who avail themselves of 
the recreation afforded. 

Leaving the wharf again the steamer backs out for a quarter of a 
mile into the lake. The wheelsman throws his wheel over hard-a-port 
and heads her E., N. E. for eight minutes, or about two miles straight 
out from the wharf in order to clear Miller's point, and a series of 
shoals extending out from the main land, then throwing the wheel a 
starboard heads N., N. E. for one hour and ten minutes until directly 
opposite Harrisville, she is then headed at right angles from this 
course to W. x N. ^ N. for the wharf, where we drop quite a number of 
our round trip passengers who came on board at Oscoda. 

68 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




HARRISVILLE . 213 miles from Detroit, 
has a population of 1 ,000 and is one of the 
flourishing villages of the west shore. 
The location is high, commands a fine 
view of the lake, and lays claim to being 
one of the many healthy locations of this 
wonderful northern Michigan. It has 
been visited by invalids with the most 
favorable results, and entertains hopes of 
sometime being a favorite resort. 
!_ Sixteen miles inland is Hubbard Lai<e, 
which is a beautiful sheet of water. Visitors find its scenery attractive, 
and in the abundance and variety of game it is the elysium of sports- 
men. The lake is easily reached, and has been the favorite resort of 
many who have keenly relished the sport and reward for their efforts, 
in the game that abounds in the woods and waters of the county. 



Leaving the wharf again we head N. E. x E. for twelve minutes, 
then N., N. E, for ten minutes until abreast of Sturgeon Point Light, 
then north for one hour until abreast of South Point., then N. W. f N. 
for one hour to abreast of Thunder Bay River, then N., W. ^ W, into the 
river. 

How long will it take to reach the wharf? 

We give no time for this course, as it depends altogether on the 
condition of the river. The lumber kings may have been running logs 
down to their mills and choked it up, and some little time may be lost 
finding a tug to pull us in. While the city government clears up and 
improves the highways through town, their single, narrow highway of 
water is neglected, and the steam craft who serve them, unjustly suffer 
a heavy expense for tugs, broken wheels and loss of time. 

There is a steamer close by us, she is lying still as though waiting 
for something. What does it mean ? It is simply one of those cases 
where there is but little system used in the navigation of vessels, and 
although you can see by the moonlight that there is a broad expanse 
of water in the bay, still the safe channel is somewhat narrow, and 
unless steamers are careful to run in by a proper course every time 
there is a chance of getting aground. Our friend is not sure of his 
bearings, and is waiting to follow us in, taking advantage of our 
courses. You may notice this lack of confidence frequently. Four 
officers are constantly watching the course of our steamer, and any 
variation would receive their prompt attention. 

?0 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



PW^ 




ALPENA , a distance of 245 miles from 
Detroit, with 10,500 population, is situated 
on Thunder Bay, at the mouth of Thunder 
Bay river, and is the center of the lumber 
interests of the west shore. 

On entering the river we observe a 
peculiarity in the construction of the 
wharves. Piles are driven on the water 
edge only, and the filling of slabs, which 
last a great many years, are usually covered 
with earth. These wharves are common to 
lumber sections, where slabs are made in 
profusion, and no salt wori<s are at hand to use them. While the 
steamer is discharging freight, it will be interesting to tal<e a short 
walk through the town. Here we encounter another characteristic of 
the lumber section in some of the streets, which are made of saw-dust. 
Jonathan Birch first attempted to locate here in 1836, having found 
excellent facilities for building a dam at the rapids. The Indians forced 
him to abandon his scheme of lumbering, however, and it was twenty 
years before any permanent settlement was made, • Lumbering com- 
menced in 1858, and the following spring saw the first steam saw mill 
erected ; since then the advance has been rapid, and reflects credit on 
the energy, enterprise and ability which raised this city in a few years 
to the important position of metropolis of the Lake Huron shore. 

Attention was first given to the fisheries in 1856. Nine tugs and 
twenty-five sail boats are now constantly employed in this enterprise. 
The principal grounds are at Sugar Island, Round Island, Misery Point, 
Partridge Point, North Point, Sulphur Island and Ossinake. The regular 
fishing boats remain out during the season, which lasts until the water 
freezes, while the run boats bring in each days catch, returning with 
stores and provisions. From the United States fish hatchery thirty mil- 
lions of young white fish were shipped in the spring of 1883, and 
planted in Thunder Bay and Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior. 

An important event of early days was the arrival of the mail, carried 
by Indians from Bay City to the Sault, following a course around the 
shore with a train drawn by dogs. 

In 1872, some fifteen acres of the business portion were burned, 
but a few months later saw handsome brick blocks in place of the frame 
buildings consumed. Private enterprise has furnished the city which 
was incorporated March 29, 1871, with the Holly water works and the 
Brush electric light. 

72 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



The river is an important factor in the prosperity of the place, and 
Thunder Bay forms one of the best harbors along the shore. Approach- 
ing Alpena by water the view is one which, though it may disappoint 
the searcher for the picturesque, means to the business man energy, 
bustling life, and commercial prosperity. The singing saws, rattling 
trucks, noisy mill engines, and numberless steam and sailing vessels 




Sugar Loaf, Mackinac Island. 

passing in and out cannot but give to the practical observer the im- 
pression of a flourishing town; and indeed a happier combination of 
fertile resources and undaunted energy than is centered in this pleasant 
little city of the lakes would be hard to find. 

Lake captains say that during heavy fogs in the day time, the song 
73 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 

of the saws, unlike the mythical siren lays that lured sailors to destruc- 
tion, often helps them to find the entrance. 

Seven miles back of the city, and easily accessible is Long Lake, a 
pretty little spot with a hotel on its shore. Black and rock bass, pike 
and pickerel allure the sportsman, and make a short stay pleasant for 
the tourist. 

Our company has been considerably reduced by the departure of 
many round trip passengers, and now, as preparations are going on for 
leaving this, port, we find a new order of things. With care the steamer 
worked her way into the river, but it is another thing to get her out 
again. Between the floating logs and the crowded river, which is too 
narrow to admit of winding around, it becomes necessary to employ a 
tug that takes our line and tows us out stern first, until room enough is 
found to handle the steamer. The distance to Cheboygan, the next 
port, is 108 miles, which we will reach about 5.30 the next morning. 
Our course lies well out into the lake, with the shore in sight all the 
way, and in the day time is a most interesting trip. On parting with the 
tug, our steamer is headed S. E. f E. for forty minutes, keeping the 
shore aboard three miles away, and giving the reefs of North Point, 
which extend out two miles from land about the same distance. 
Abreast of this point we steer E., N. E. twenty minutes for Thunder Bay 
Island Light, giving a wide berth to the shoals at the foot of the island. 
Many a craft has come to grief at this point, from over anxiety to turn 
her bow northward. 

Life saving stations are located near this Light, also at Middle 
Island and Forty Mile Point, in Hammond's Bay, at the north, and at 
Sturgeon Point, Ottawa Point, Port Austin and Point Aux Barques on the 
south. 

When abreast of the light we change to N., N. E. for five minutes 
to abreast of the light for the second time, when a starboard helm on a 
N., N. W. course for one hour, to Middle Island, clears the shoals at the 
foot of the island. 

Off our course, six miles to the north, lies False Presque Isle, 
which has a fine lake, and is the summer resort of an Adrian, Mich. club. 

We now steer fifty-five minutes N. W. x N., to Presque Isle Light. 
The bold, abrupt shore of this island admits of running close in, and 
thus affords a fine view of the place. Thence a course N. W. x W.-J- W. 
for two hours and fifty-five minutes, brings us abreast of Spectacle Reef 
Light, which is most romantically located. Out by itself on a small flat 
rock, ten miles from shore this light stands one hundred feet above the 
waters of the lake. It is ten miles south from Bois Blanc Island, and 

. 74 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



fourteen miles from Bois Blanc Island Light. Here we run for forty 
minutes on a due west course to Cheboygan Light, then change W., 
S. W., and in four and one-half minutes are abreast of Cheboygan river. 
You see no entrance, and wonder how we shall find any. 

The fact is, you see. 

We'd be all at sea, 

Were it not for the captain's compass. 




Suddenly the 
order comes, 
' Starboard ! ' and 
lo! the riveropens 
to our view. We 
plow our way up 
among lumber 
piles and floating 
logs which block 
the harbor at 
times to such an 
extent as to re- 



Lover's Leap, Mackinac Island. 



quire a tug to take us in and out, involving much delay and great 
expense. Propellers sometimes make things exceedingly lively, and 
take logs, boom and all out into the lake with them. 

You ask, is there no law here that makes it a punishable offense to 
?.■) 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



obstruct a navigable stream ? Appearances seem to indicate that there 
is no such regulation. Usually there is a harbor master to adjust such 
difficulties and see that the channel is kept open ; and a city govern- 
ment disposed to protect all interests alike, would promptly remedy an 
evil of this magnitude ; but here lumber is king, and all things must 
bow to him, 

An account of the course over which we are going, while serving to 
locate points of interest gives an insight as well into the thoughtful 
study and official watchfulness of a thoroughly well organized system. 
Those who can realize how important is order and discipline to 
the comfort and safety of all concerned, will see much to admire, 
while there will not be wanting those who will invariably dub it red 
tape. 

The motto of this company, " Eternal vigilance is the price of 
safety" is thoroughly comprehended and seconded by their officers. 
The captain is placed on deck, and clothed by the U. S. government 
with monarchical powers. When making a landing, or leaving port, he 
stands on top of the pilot house, and by turning a revolving cap can see 
the compass and direct the wheelsman, while by bell pulls and speaking 
tubes he reaches all parts of the steamer, and this Colossus obeys his 
will almost without a word. 

" He is not always in sight," did you say? Very true, but you can 
depend upon it, he is not far away. His room is immediately abaft of 
the pilot house, and in it will be found a complete array of charts fur- 
nished by the government, with all known shoals and dangerous points 
marked and explained. A barometer to indicate the changing weather, 
and a thermometer help to conclude his calculations, if his eye is 
not on the binnacle in front, or the compass within the pilot house, a 
third compass stands near his desk, which is a tell-tale indicator of the 
ability and watchfulness of mate and wheelsman, left apparently to 
themselves. Suspended over his bed is another compass, and if he 
sleeps with one eye open, his hand is never off the tiller. 

A captain's popularity should not hinge on the entertainment of his 
passengers, for which he must sacrifice vigilance, which means the 
speed and safety of his craft. As Poor Richard says, " Lost time is 
never found, and that which we call time enough always proves little 
enough." A successful captain should be strong of nerve, fertile of 
resources, of temperate habits, and possessed of a good stock of judg- 
ment and common sense. The hurricane' deck should be kept free 
for the perfect exercise of his abilities, that he may have to contend 
with but one idea, that of navigating his steamer. " He that by the 

76 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



plow would thrive must either hold or drive," and it is obvious that he 
can do neither, if he is doing something else. 

The wheelsman is not the least important adjunct to the successful 
working of the steamer. It is his watchful eye and practiced hand that 
brings her on her course, then catches her as she comes and holds her 
within a quarter point, which is the test of his ability. Swinging from 
one point to another would add many miles and minutes to the trip. 

From deck hands and watchmen wheelsmen come, 

Having learned an even keel; 

From wheelsmen come mates and captains, 

How else would they know the wheel ? 

From wheelsman to mate, then to captain. 

His courses are marked on the chart, 

In learning the ropes, the wheel and to steer, 

A sheer is wrong from the start. 




Camping on Mullei LaKe, near Cheboygan. 

77 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




CHEBOYGAN . 353 miles from 
Detroit, and 17 miles from Mackinac 
Island, was first settled in 1846. It 
is well located at the mouth of the 
Cheboygan river, has extensive lum- 
ber interests, and is the leading 
commercial city of the straits. 

Among the great natural advan- 
tages of the town are flowing wells, 
which being bored from twenty-five 
to seventy-five feet, throw the pure, 
cold water to a height of five feet, 
and even higher when tubed. 

Cheboygan river is the outlet of 
an extensive system of romantic 
lakes and rivers, which link together Cheboygan, Petoskey and Harbor 
Springs, and the Traverse Bay region. 

A trip through this intricate inland route is a delightful novelty to 
the tourist, who can be provided with a means of transportation by the 
Inland Navigation Company's steamers, which are constructed especially 
for this purpose. On leaving the wharf a good view of the residences 
and business blocks of the town is obtained, and half a mile further up, 
the steamer is ' locked,' and lifted ten feet to the level of the river 
beyond. Three miles above this point. Black river empties into the 
Cheboygan, and is the outlet of Black lake which is twelve miles 
from the junction of the two rivers, and covers an area of six by four 
miles. Rapids in Black river, within a few miles of the lake, make its 
navigation by steamers impossible. 

Mullet lake, a beautiful body of water, twelve miles long and from 
five to eight wide, whose shores are admirably adapted to camping 
purposes, is six miles above Cheboygan. It is full offish, and its bor- 
ders abound in game. Into it empty Pigeon, Indian and Sturgeon rivers. 
Mullet Lake House, belonging to Messrs. Smith Brothers, is a 
handsome summer hotel, which cost $50,000. It has seventy-five large, 
airy rooms, elegantly furnished, and is especially attractive for families, 
being a paradise for children. The house opens June 20th. Steamerj 
stop here for dinner. 

Topinabee, a station on the Michigan Central Railroad, is on the 
opposite bank, two and one half miles away, The Northern Hay Fever 
Resort Association, organized in September, 1883, have located on land 
close by the railroad station and Pike's hotel, where there is a telegraph 

78 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



and post office, which, with the convenience afforded by adjacent 
stores, nnakes this a particularly desirable spot for a camp. 

After leaving Mullet Lake House, the steamer enters Indian river, 
which some poet has likened to a " silver thread on Nature's carpet." 
Seven miles of beautiful river scenery and Indian River village is reached. 

Burt's Lake, ten miles long and five wide, comes next. This is fed 
by Crooked, Maple and Sturgeon rivers, all large streams. Maple river 
is also the outlet of Douglass lake, which lies two miles north of Burt's 
lake. Crossing Burt's lake we enter upon the most interesting portion 
of the trip through Crooked river for seven miles. Owing to the narrow 
winding nature of the stream, it will seem at once impossible to go 
further, but by making very short turns and steering around abrupt 
angles, we thread the labyrinth, being able to pick evergreens from the 
shore on either side. This lake is five miles long, and famous for its 
excellent bass fishing, and the numerous delightful locations for camp- 
ing out along its shores. Odin is at the head of Crooked Lake, where 
we bid good bye to the little steamer with regret, and take the train for 
Harbor Springs and Petoskey about eight miles distant. 

This pleasant inland trip, from either Cheboygan or Mackinac 
Island, in connection with the Detroit and Cleveland Steam Navigation 
Company's steamers City of Mackinac and City of Cleveland is an 
attractive and comfortable route for tourists to and from the Northern 
Michigan resorts. 

Passengers v/ho do not leave the steamer at Cheboygan, but who 
perhaps have been amusing themselves with a stroll through the town, 
now hurry on board as the whistle blows the warning signal for departure. 
The gang plank is hauled in, and the City of Mackinac, springing on the 
stern line comes slowly round, and works her way out of the river to the 
Dummy Light, from thence with a starboard helm and a N. 'VV. x N. 
course we head for Mackinac Island. There is always much to interest 
passengers in this short run of seventeen miles. On the port bow is 
seen Mackinac City, while further on to the north-west looms up on 
the horizon, the island of St. Helena. The many trails of smoke in the 
distance are from steamers passing to and from Lake Michigan. 

The high lands ahead of us are called Rabbit's Back, which is a few 
miles north of St. Ignace, on the upper peninsula. On our starboard 
bow we see what seems to be one long continuous stretch' of 
shore, but which, as we approach, proves to be three islands, the first 
being Bois Blanc (Bob-low) the next Round, and the last Mackinac 
Island. Having run fifty minutes on the course from the Dummy, the 
captain is now on a sharp look-out for the flash of the Bois Blanc Island 

80 



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MTSofMAGI 



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BIRDS-EYE VIEW OF THE 

STRAITS "'MAGKINACtNORTHERN MICHIGAN 

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By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit, 



light, which being on the further side of the island can only be seen for 
a moment as we pass the intervening water to Round Island. On its 
reappearance on the other side of Round island, you will hear the 
course changed to N , and Mackinac island and village are now distinctly 
to be seen. 

it was at this spot from the hurricane deck of the steamer which 
was stopped for the purpose, that our artist took the photograph of the 
island, from which our engraving was made. 




Indian River, near Indian village, on the Inland Route, 
between Cheboygan and Petoskey 

We are going in swiftly to the landing, and at the expiration of five 
minutes the captain sharply changes the course to N. x N. ^ N., and the 
steamer with a sudden turn swings gracefully into the crescent bay, upon 
whose shores once dwelt the red-skinned Ottawa, and about whose island 
home rising three hundred feet above the clear, blue waters, still cluster 
the mystic halo of song, romance and legend. 

81 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




MACKSNAC ISLAND is the central 



point of the three great lakes. It knows 
no land breeze, hence the winds, no 
nnalter from what direction they may 
come, are always cool and refreshing. 
They no sooner cease blowing from 
Lake Michigan than they come from 
Lake Huron, and Lake Superior is never 
behind in the contest. 

The late Dr. Drake says : " The 
Island is the last, and, of the whole, 
the most important summer resort to 
■^^vyrYyvvyf TYTTTTI!/ which v/e can direct the attention of 
«*••••••••**** ® "^ the infirm or the fashionable. * * * 

The living streams of pure water, cooled down to the temperature of 
44°, gush from the lime rock precipices, and an atmosphere never sultry 
or malarious, supersedes all necessity for nauseating iron, sulphur and 
epsom salts. As a health resort it is unsurpassed. Its cool air and pure 
water are just what are needed to bring back the glow of health to the 
faded cheek, and send the warm currents of life dancing through the 
system with youthful vigor." 

The history of Mackinac may be divided into five periods. 
The first period covers the time before the white man reached it, 
when the Indians made it their rendezvous. 

The second embraces the early voyages of Father Marquette, his 
founding of the college for the education of Indian youths, in 1671; the 
death of the explorer, and three years afterwards the remarkable funeral 
procession of canoes in which his Indian converts brought back his body 
from its first burial place on Lake Michigan, to the little mission on the 
straits of Mackinac, which in life he loved so well. 

The first vessel ever seen on these waters was the " Griffin," built 
by the explorer. La Salle, on Lake Erie in 1679. 

In 1695, the third or military period begins. At that date Cadillac, 
who afterwards founded Detroit, established a smail fort on the straits. 
Then came contests and skirmishes not unmingled with massacres, for 
the Indians enlisted on both sides, and finally the post of Mackinac, to- 
gether with all the French strongholds on the lakes was surrendered to 
the English in September, 1761. In 1763 began the conspiracy of Pon- 
tiac, wonderful for the sagacity with which it was planned, and the vigor 
with which it was executed. Pontiac was the most remarkable Indian 
of all the lake tribes. He was a firm friend of the French, and to aid 

82 



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A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



their cause, arrangeda simultaneous attack upon all the English forts in 
the lake country. Among those taken by surprise and destroyed was 
the little post on the Straits of Mackinac. No soldiers were seen in 
these regions for a year afterwards, when a treaty of peace having been 
made with the Indians, troops were again sent to raise the English flag 
over the fort. During the war for Independence the fort was estab- 
lished on its present site at Mackinac Island, and the stars and stripes, 
superseding the cross of St. George and the lilies of the Bourbons, 
waved for a time peacefully over the heights; but the war of 1812 began, 
and the small garrison was surprised and captured by the British. After 
the victory of Commodore Perry on Lake Erie in 1813, an effort was 
made to recapture it, which proved unsuccessful. The troops sent 
were insufficient in numbers, the clumsy vessels which were to support 
them, could do nothing against the winds and waves, and not until the 
conclusion of peace in 1814 was the American flag again hoisted over 
the Gibraltar of the lakes. 

The fourth or fur trading period opened in 1809, when John Jacob 
Astor organized the American Fur Company with a capital of two mil- 
lions, and bought out the numerous struggling associations along the 
straits. For forty years this company monopolized the fur trade, and 
Mackinac, the great central market, was the busiest and gayest post on 
the lakes. These were Mackinac's palmy days. Her two little streets 
were crowded with people, and her warehouses filled with merchandise. 
Mr. Astor sold out in 1834. The trade now lacked the energy and con- 
trolling influence which he had given it, and the company soon became 
involved. In 1848 the business was abandoned. In its best days it was 
one of mammoth proportions, but exists now only in history. Here also 
the U. S. Government made the annual Indian payments, when the 
neighboring tribes assembled by thousands to receive their stipend. 

The fifth period is the summer resort of our modern times, which 
distinction is mainly owing to the facilities for reaching it recently 
afforded by three railroads and the steamers of the Detroit and Cleve- 
land Steam Navigation Company, all of which center here, and for the 
want of which Mackinac, until within a few years, remained in a 
transition state. 

Its original name Me-che-no-mock-e-mong, was given it by the 
Indians, as expressive of their surprise, when at one time at Point St. 
Ignace a large gathering of their people who were intently gazing at 
the rising sun, during the Great Manitou, or February moon, beheld 
the Island suddenly rise up from the water and assume its present 
form. From the point of observation it bore a fancied resemblance to 

84 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



V 



the back of a huge turtle, hence the name. The French called it 
Michilimackinac. Its present nanne Mackinac is pronounced Mack-i-naw. 

The Indians regarded this island with a species of veneration. 
Tradition credits it with being the birth-place of Michabou, the Indian 
god of waters, and the home of the giant spirits. It is said that in 
passing to and fro the savages made offerings of tobacco and other 
articles to the Great Spirits in order to gain their good will. These 
deities were supposed to have a subterranean abode under the island, 
the entrance to which was near the base of the hill, just below the 
present southern gate of the fort. 

The island was often the chosen home of the savage tribes, prob- 
ably from the security which it afforded against their enemies. 

July 15th, 1780, the British abandoned the fort at Old Mackinaw, 
and transferred the garrison to Mackinac Island, where they built the 
present Fort Mackinac The history of modern Mackinac properly be- 
gins at this date. By a treaty of peace between Great Britain and the 
United States, signed at Paris September 3d, 1783, the island fell 
within the boundary of the United States, but under various pretences 
the English refused to withdraw their troops. By a second treaty of 
amity, commerce and navigation concluded November 19, 1794, it was 
stipulated that the British should withdraw on or before June 1, 1796. 
Two companies of U. S. troops arrived October, 1796, and took posses- 
sion, a previous treaty of peace with the Indians having secured from 
them the post. 

During the war of 1812, the Island was surrendered to the British, 
and again restored to the United States by a treaty signed December 
24, 1814. 

The first steamboat to arrive at Mackinac was the Walk-in-the-Water 
in 1819. 

Mackinac Island contains two thousand two hundred and twenty- 
one acres, of which the national park contains eight hundred and twenty- 
one acres, and the military reservation one hundred and three acres. 
The natural scenery is unsurpassed. Nature seems to have exhausted 
herself in the manifold objects of interest which meet the eye in every 
direction. The lover of Mother Earth will hardly grow weary of wan- 
dering through its. shaded glens, and climbing over its rugged rocks, 
each day bringing to light some new object of beauty and interest. 
Every spot has some wild Indian legend attached to it, some of which 
the author of " Hiawatha" has put into English verse. Hiawatha is the 
Mena-bosho of the Algonquins, and the Island of Mackinac was con- 
sidered his birth-place. 

86 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



It was visited in 1669 by that pioneer of civilization, Father Allouez, 
who became much interested, and left records of the Indian folk lore 
of the place. 

Mackinac village is a perfect curiosity in itself. Situated at the foot 
of the bluff, upon the brow of which stands the fort, it extends for a 
distance of a mile around the beach. The buildings are a mixture of 
the modern and antique, some of which were brought from Old Macki- 
naw when the town and fort were removed from that point after the 
massacre of June 4, 1763. Many of the fences are of the original pali- 
sade style. 

Schoolcraft, who visited it in 1820, says: " Nothing can exceed the 
beauty of this Island." It is a mass of calcareous rock rising from the 
bed of Lake Huron, and reaching a height of more than three hundred 
feet above the water. Some of its cliffs shoot up perpendicularly, and 
tower in pinnacles like half ruined gothic steeples. It is cavernous in 
some places, and in these caverns the ancient Indians were wont to 
place their dead. Portions of the beach are level, and well adapted to 
landing from boats. The harbor at the south end is a little gem. In it 
vessels can anchor and be sure of a holding, and around it the little, old 
fashioned French town nestles in primitive style, while above frowns the 
fort, its white walls gleaming in the sun. The whole area of the island, 
is one labyrinth of curious glens and valleys. Old fields appear in 
spots which were formerly cultivated by Indians. In some of them are 
circles of gathered stones, as if the Druids themselves had dwelt there. 
The soil, though rough, is fertile. The Island was formerly covered with 
a dense growth of rock maples, oaks, iron wood, etc., and there are still 
parts of this ancient forest left, but all the southern limits exhibit a young 
growth. There are walks and winding paths of the most romantic 
character among its hills and precipices. From the eminences over- 
looking the lake can be seen magnificent views of almost illimitable 
extent. 

" If the poetic muses are ever to have a new Parnassus in America 
they should inevitably fix on Mackinac Island. Hygeia, too, should place 
her temple here, for it is one of the purest, dryest, cleanest and most 
healthful of atmospheres." 

The island shows unmistakable evidence of the water having been 
two hundred and fifty feet above its present line. It is a mooted ques- 
tion whether the lake has fallen from its original level or the island 
has, from some cause, been lifted up. Springs of water clear, and cold, 
may be found at the base of the high cliffs and scattered through other 
localities. 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



Places of interest will be readily found by reference to the bird's 
eye view, which shows the different locations and roads leading to 
them, or Starr's chariot leaves at nine in the morning to visit objects of 
interest. It also makes a second trip in the afternoon at two. The ac- 
commodations are sufficient for a good sized party, and the charges 
50 cents for each person. 




View of Traverse City, Mich. 

Fort Mackinac, standing on a rocky eminence just above the 

town, was built by the English over ninety years ago. It is now garri- 
soned by a small company of U. S. troops. Starting from this spot, 
following the foot path along the brow of the bluff over-looking the 
eastern part of the town, visitors fond of natural scenery will be de- 
lighted with the grand panorama of Nature which meets the view. 
Nearly three-fourths of a mile from the fort at the south eastern angle of 
the Island is the overhanging cliff known as 

Robinson's Folly. The legends connected with this cliff differ 
in the hands of different writers. One has it that : "Captain Robinson. 

89 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



a gay young English officer, and a great admirer of ladies, wliiie stroll- 
ing in the woods suddenly beheld a few rods before him, a beautiful 
girl, who retreated as fast as he approached, until she was finally lost 
sight of. Once more she appeared to him, but vanished as before. A 
few evenings after this, the captain was walking along the patii which 
leads to this precipice, his thoughts still occupied with the mystery, 
when he again beheld the girl sitting on a large stone, apparently enjoy- 
ing the magnificent scene spread out before her. Escape for her now 
seemed impossible. Silently he approached, a crunching of the gravel 
under' his feet, however, betrayed his presence; she turned and their 
eyes met. He spoke in gentle, persuasive tones, but she made no 
reply, retreating towards the brink, at the same time glancing to the 
right and left, as if seeking a loop hole of escape. The captain shud- 
dered at the thought of her making an unguarded step, and being 
dashed to pieces on the rocks below. Finally in his eagerness to cap- 
ture the mysterious stranger, as well as to save her from destruction 
should she lose her balance, the captain sprang forward to seize her, 
but just as he clutched her arm, she threw herself backward into the 
chasm, dragging her tormentor and would-be savior with her, and both 
were instantly dashed on the rocks below. His body alone was found, 
and buried near the middle of the Island. He was long mourned by 
his men and brother officers, but by and by it began to be whispered 
that the captain had indulged too freely in the fine old French brandy 
that the fur traders brought up from Montreal, and the lady was a mere 
ignis fatuus of his excited imagination, but the mantle of charity has 
been thrown over the tragedy, and a romantic explanation given in its 
place." 

Another writer says: " After the removal of the fort to the island 
in 1780, Captain Robinson, who then commanded the post, had a sum- 
mer house built upon this cliff, which soon became a frequent resort 
for himself and brother officers. Pipes, cigars and wine were called 
into requisition, for at that time no entertainment was thought complete 
without them, and thus many an hour, which otherwise would have been 
lonely and tedious, passed pleasantly away. After a few years, by the 
action of the elements, a portion of the cliff, together with the house, 
fell to the base of the rock, which disastrous event gave rise to the name." 

The brow of this cliff is 127 feet high. 

A little to the north of this may be seen an immense rock, standing 
out boldly from the mountain side, near the base of which is a beautiful 
little arch known as the Giant's Stairway. This arch is well worth the 
trouble of a visit. 

90 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



A few minutes' walk along the brow of the bluff brings you to the 
far famed 

Arch Rock. This is a curiosity which must be seen to be appre- 
ciated. It is a magnificent natural arch, spanning a chasm of eighty 
feet or more in height, and forty feet in width. The opening under- 
neath has been produced by the falling of great masses of rock, which 
are seen lying on the beach below. A path to the right leads to the 
brink of the arch, the summit of which is three feet wide and one hun- 
dred and forty-nine feet above the lake. From this dizzy height a most 
magnificent view presents itself. Below lies the broad expanse of 
Lake Huron, dotted in the distance with green gems of islands, and at 
the feet splashes its waves upon a pebbly beach, as if they were ever 
hastening at the bidding of Ariel's song: "Come unto these yellow 
sands," Descending through the great chasm we come upon a second 
arch of less majestic proportions, but equally curious and wonderful, 
and looking up, the mighty arch seems suspended above us in mid-air. 
The rains and frosts have every year made great ravages, and the rock 
cannot long resist their action. 

Taking the road leading into the interior of the island, you soon reach 

Sugar Loaf Rock The plateau upon which it stands is about one 
hundred and fifty feet high, while the summit of the rock is two hundred 
and eighty-four feet above the lake, giving an elevation of one hundred 
and thirty-four feet to the rock itself. The composition of this rock is 
the same as that of Arch Rock. Its shape is conical, and from its crevices 
grow a few vines and cedars. It is cavernous and somewhat crystalline, 
with its strata distorted in every direction. In the north side is an 
opening sufficient to admit several individuals. The view is very fine 
from the top. The curious are ever eager to known what freak of 
Nature placed this monstrous boulder in its isolated position, looking 
as though it had been thrust up through the earth like a needle through 
a garment. Traces of water action are seen on these two rocks, and 
are particular examples of denuding action, which could only have 
operated while near the level of a large body of water like the great 
lake itself. To all fond of natural curiosities these two rocks alone 
possess attractions sufficient to justify a visit to Mackinac Island. 

Now, return to the fort and set out in another direction. Half a 
mile to the rear, and only a short distance to the right of the road 
leading to Early's farm is 

Skull Rock, noted as the place in which Alexander Henry was 
secreted by the Chippewa chief, Wawatam, after the massacre of the 
British garrison at Old Mackinaw. Near the house now occupied by 

92 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



Mr. Early is that relic of 1812, the old Dousman house, across the road 
from which is the battle ground. A short distance down the road lead- 
ing through this farm is 




Family Scene at Bay View. 

British Landing, where Captain Roberts disembarked his forces 
of English, French and Indians to take the island in 1812. The American 
troops, under Col. Croghan, also landed here in August, 1814, under 
cover of the guns of the squadron, and marched to the edge of the 
clearing, (now Early's farm) where the enemy was in waiting. In a few 
seconds a fire was opened upon him, and the woods on every side 
literally swarmed with savages. After a vigorous attempt to drive the 
enemy from their stronghold, he was obliged to retreat with the loss of 
Major Holmes and several men. To the right of British Landing is a 
trail through the woods leading to 

93 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



Scott's Cave, which is under one of the huge rocks peculiar to Mack- 
inac, its entrance is very low, but once inside a giant might stand erect. A 
most peculiar sensation connes over one on entering this dim cavern, 
and unless provided with a candle or lantern the visitor will find himself 
in almost total darl<ness. Strangers should not attempt the journey to 
the cave without a guide. 

Leaving the town at its western extremity, and following the foot 
path around the brow of the high bluffs which bound the southwestern 
side of ihe island, or continuing along the beach close to the waters' 
edge for about a mile, you come to the 

Devil's Kitclien, a cavernous rocl<, curious in its formation as well 
as its name. Near it is a spring of clear, cold water. A few yards 
farther on is the famous 

Lover's Leap, a perpendicular bluff, rising to a height of from one 
hundred and iifty to two hundred feet above the lake. The legend 
concerning it is that, long before the pale faces profaned this island 
home of the genii, Me-che-ne-mocl<-e-nung-o-qua, a young Ojibeway girl, 
often wandered there and gazed from its dizzy heights, and witnessed 
the receding canoes of the large war parties of the Ojibewas and Otta- 
was speeding south, seeking fame and scalps. Here she first met her 
lover, Ge-niw-e-gwon; here she sat, mused and sang her love songs, and 
here she watched and listened for the return of the war parties, among 
whom she looked for her lover, whose head decorated with war eagle 
plumes, which none but a brave could wear, would be first turned to her. 
The wind often wafted far in advance the shouts of victory as they left 
Pe-quod-e-nong (Old Mackinaw) to cross to Fairy Island, Once when 
the party returned, she could not distinguish his familiar and loved war 
shout, and her spirit told her that he had gone to the happy hunting 
grounds. An enemy's arrow had pierced his breast, but ere he died he 
wished the mourning warriors to remember him to the sweet maid of 
his heart. The girl's heart was broken, and she constantly saw her be- 
loved beckoning her to follow him, appearing to her in human shape but 
invisible to others. One morning her body was found mangled at the 
foot of this bluff, her soul had gone to meet her warrior in the spirit 
land. Some distance from this is 

Chimney Rock which is said to be one of the most remarkable 
freaks of Nature^ A foot path which leads from the beach near the base 
of Lover's Leap to the plateau above brings you to the old Davenport 
farm, now. owned by the Mackinac Island Summer Resort Association, 
where several elegant summer cottages have been built, and to which 
additions are made each season. A central building is used as a dining 

94 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



hall, from which meals are furnished at very near cost. Eighty acres 
have been neatly laid out and platted, and lots for the erection of cot- 
tages are being sold on very advantageous terms. The secretary of the 
association can be addressed at Kalamazoo, Mich. Last season's im- 
provements aggregated over $20,000, one cottage costing $3,800. 

A visit to the old fort w/ill be found interesting. There are various 
v^'ays of reaching it from the village. Up the steps is probably the 
easiest, and the view at the top is well worth the effort. The old block 
houses, the officers' quarters, guard house, barracks, commissary, hos- 
pital, magazine and gun platform are all points of interest, and from 
the latter a magnificent view is obtained. Below are seen the govern- 
ment stables, blacksmith's shop and granary, and beyond the company's 
gardens. When built, the fort was enclosed by a, stockade ten feet 
high, made of cedar pickets, into the tops of which were driven irons 
with three sharp prongs projecting. The flags of thr.ee nations have 
successively floated over this island, which has been the theatre of 
many a bloody tragedy. Powerful nations have contended for its pos- 
session, and its internal peace has been continually broken by the white 
man's duplicity and the red man's treachery. Its history renders it 
classic ground, while its wild legends people every rock and glen with 
spectral habitants, all combining to make Mackinac Island more inter- 
esting and attractive than any other resort to be found. 

" The trip from Detroit to Mackinac by one of the steamers of the 
Detroit and Cleveland Steam Navigation Co., was, I confess, a thorough 
surprise to me," says a writer to the Congregationalist. " The City of 
Cleveland, in which we made our sail over this delightful route, is a large, 
splendidly equipped steamer. Great as is its speed, its motion is smooth 
and graceful as that of a swan. It is almost never either late or early." 

We will refer you for further facts 
To " Annals," a chronicle of acts, 
About " Fort Mackinac," a mite, 
Dwight H. Kelton once did write. 

In the army he's lieutenant. 
Thus he nailed his wooden pennant, 
" Annals," "Annals," to every fence. 
Take one with you in going hence; 
The price is only twenty-five cents. 

Should you seek they're readily found; 
And with this book will cover the ground. 
96 




x''^m. 



' 1 :l 


!;; ^ •! 


ij 




•i ■' 


■I! " 
■ 1 

[' 



lliyii; 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 




ST. iCNACE . 377 miles from 
Detroit, with a population of 3,000, 
was founded in 1671, by Father 
James Marquette, and for more 
than a quarter of a century, was the 
center of interest in what was then 
the wilderness of Michigan. It 
contained a Jesuit mission and col- 
lege, a garrison of two hundred 
soldiers, with a fine fort of pickets, 
and about sixty houses, forming a 
street in a straight line. Near by 
clustered Indian villages, inhabited 
by six or seven thousand of the 
savages. 

At this early period the town 
became the. western commercial metropolis, and continued to flourish 
until some dispute arose between Cadillac, the commander of the fort, 
and the Jesuits, when the former returned to France, where he received 
a commission to found Detroit, which he accomplished in 1701. Sub- 
sequently the town declined, and in 1706 the Jesuits became discour- 
aged, burned their college and chapel, and returned to Quebec. 

It was from St. Ignace that Father Marquette set out on the 17th 
day of May, 1673, in search of the Mississippi river, of which he had 
heard so much through the Indian tribes among whom he had labored. 
To St. Ignace his bones were brought in 1677, two years after his 
death, at what is now Ludington, and buried in a vault in the middle of 
the chapel which he himself had constructed, and at whose altar he had 
so often served. 

After the chapel was burned, the final resting place of Marquette 
was lost sight of until a few years ago, when the site was discovered 
by Father Jacker, the officiating priest, excavations bringing to light 
fragments of the birch bark coffin and bones, which were carefully pre- 
served as sacred relics, and an association formed for the erection of a 
monument commemorative of the illustrious deeds of this humble 
missionary. 

Two hundred and twelve years after the mission was founded, St. 
Ignace was incorporated. The gate city of the upper peninsula is very 
singularly located, extending as it does in a semi-circle around the 
head of East Moran Bay for a distance of three and a half miles. A 
fine drive stretches along the shore, and the place being almost wholly 

98 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



built on either side of this one street, renders the town long, with very 
little width. 

From forty to one hundred and fifty feet back from the lake, the 
land rises to a height of fifty feet, forming a terrace over-looking the 
vast expanse of water. It is most admirably and charmingly adapted for 
residences, and some fine dwellmgs have already been erected. 

Its harbor is famed for its capacity, depth, accessibility, safety and 
beauty, the adjacent islands forming a natural breakwater. 




For a century and three quarters the town ceased to be of any 
importance, all interest being centered on Mackinac Island. The 
place has recently been given new life by the operations of the Macki- 
nac Lumber Co.mpany at one end of the town, and by the erection of 
the Martel furnace at the other. 

The completion of the Detroit, Mackinac &. Marquette Railroad 
is the most important improvement. Already the amount of ore, tele- 
graph poles, ties, etc., brought in over this new road for shipment is 
simply immense. 

It is the northern terminus of the Detroit and Cleveland Steam 
Navigation Company's line of steamers, where their extensive traffic for 

99 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



n 



Lake Michigan and Lake Superior ports is distributed to railroads and 
steamers. 

The city thrives on the furnace, lumber, fishing industries and trade 
with the shore and inland towns, which are fast springing up along the 
new Detroit, Mackinac &. Marquette railroad. 

Marquette's grave, the old Catholic church with its ancient painting 
of St. Ignace, St. Anthony's, Bear Face, Castle Rocks, Rabbit's Back 
and Lake Chechock are full of interest to the tourist, as is also the drive 
to Gros Cap, and along the winding shore from Pt. St. Ignace to St. 
Martin's creek, a distance of four and one half miles, embracing the 
water front of this young city. From the bluffs fine views may be had 
of the lake and surrounding attractions, viz.; the various passages 
through which the straits of Mackinac pour vast volumes of water into 
Lake Huron, Fairy Isle, the big and little St. Martin's, Round, Bois Blanc, 
and set on the broad bosom of the matchless water, that most unique 
of gems, Mackinac Island. 

Visitors should not neglect the opportunity of a drive among the 
attractions with which the place is surrounded. Joseph Turbrett, an 
obliging Frenchman, will be found at the landing with a team ready for 
service, and any desired information regarding the place can be ob- 
tained by addressing Mr. Horatio Crain, who owns a large tract of land 
on the bluff, which is most eligibly located for summer cottages. 

Sportsmen take great delight in following the game, which have 
their hiding places in the virgin forests now penetrated by the Detroit, 
Mackinac &. Marquette railroad, and tourists find this a favorite route to 
Marquette and Lake Superior. 

Thisrailroad hasopened upto sportsmen an almostinexhaustiblefield 
for fishing and hunting. Twelve miles from St. Ignace is Lake Brevoort, 
which abounds in black bass of unusual size. In the three Manistique 
lakes, near McMillan, bass and pickerel are found, and the numerous 
small streams contain brook trout in large quantities. Accommodations 
can be had of the farmers around the lake, or good camping places 
conveniently found. 

There is excellent trout fishing at Au Train 30 miles from Marquette, 
and old Munising, on Lake Superior, furnishes excellent lake fishing, 
while in the numerous streams in the vicinity are found brook trout. 
There are good hotel accommodations at both Au Train and Munising. 

Marquette is beautifully situated on a bluff overlooking Lake Super- 
ior, and has great attractions for tourists. While here visitors would 
be interested by a visit to the iron mines, the first of which are only a 
few miles away. The copper regions are reached in 10 or 12 hours. 

100 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



Among the outside attractions are Hundred Islands, (Les Chene- 
aux, or Snow Islands) a novel and attractive group of snnalJ islands, 
one hundred or more in number, lying northeast from Mackinac, nest- 
ling together in all sorts of shapes and forms. Two of the group, Mar- 
quette and La Salle, are of considerable size, while the others vary 
from one acre to mere fairy dots upon the water. ' The unique beauty 
of this locality will well repay a visit. 

The islands are reached by a mail steamer, which, leaving Macl<inac 
island l!i;-: J times a week, stops at Prentice Bay, the easterly end of 
the group, where accommodations can be secured, or a sail boat or 
steamer can be chartered at Mackinac for further explorations. 

Starting out on a trip to the Hundred Islands, the bold cliffs and 
rugged promontories of Mackinac Island presently give way to a distant 
view of the main land on the north. The deep, clear water is dotted 
with craft in all directions, a sunny sky of brilliant blue is overhead, and 
the oxygen laden breeze is truly exhilarating. On reaching the Hun- 
dred Islands, both fear and curiosity is aroused by the abrupt and 
curious windings for ten miles, among a labyrinth of islands and bayous, 
forming altogether a most delightful experience not soon to be for- 
gotten. Shoals of fish are seen through the clear, deep water. 

Sault St. Marie, on St. Mary's river, ninety miles from Mackinac 
Island, and within fifteen miles of Lake Superior, was the first permanent 
French settlement within the limits of the United States. Steamers 
leave Mackinac for the " Soo " regularly, also for 

Manistiqueandotherportsonthenorthshoreof Lake Michigan. Ex- 
cellent trout fishing is found in the numerous streams along the shore. 
Accommodations can be had of the settlers on reasonable terms. At 
Manistique ' The Ossawinamakee,' is an elegantly furnished hotel, first- 
class in every particular. The natural scenery is grand, and tourists 
will find the place well worth a visit. Five miles west, at Indian Lake, 
there is fine bass fishing and hunting, also good camping grounds. 
Connecting steamers leave here for Escanaba and Green Bay. 

From Mackinac Island the steamer Aigomah makes frequent trips 
to historic MackinawCity, seven miles distant. A few years after the 
Jesuits burned their college and chapel in 1 706 at St. Ignace, the post on 
the straits was re-established and anewforterected.this time at Mackinac 
City, or Old Mackinac, as it is called in history. Little is known of the 
annals of this place from 1 721 , when it was visited by Father Charlevoix, 
the historian of New France, down to 1760, when, as a result of the 
bloody war, which terminated in Wolfe's victory at Quebec, the whole 
northwest passed out of French control into the hands of the English. 

102 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



The Indians were the close friends and allies of the French, and they 
determined to oppose the English in taking possession of the country. 
All the tribes of the lake regions, under the leadership of Pontiac 
banded together to exterminate the English at one blow. This mur- 
derous conspiracy resulted in the total destruction of nine out of the 
twelve posts on the lakes. Old Mackinac being among the number. 

For greater protection against these treacherous savages, the fort 
was removed to the Island, and Old Mackinac dropped out of sight 
until a few years ago, when Edgar Conkim, who at that time controlled 
some thirty-five thousand acres of land, which extended for twenty-five 
miles along the coast, surveyed a city site. 

At Mackinac City, tourists can take the trains of the Grand Rapids 
and Indiana Railroad for Petoskey, Harbor Springs and the Traverse 
Bay Region. These points are also reached by water, the steamer Grand 
Rapids leaving from the Island. The trip through the straits towards 
the west is very enjoyable, and as you leave the Island you are more 
than ever charmed with its beauty. Seen from the straits a mile away, 
it is a perfect gem, and a fine subject for the artist's pencil. 

Petoskey, is a charming summer resort situated on the south side 
of Little Traverse Bay, at the foot of high bluffs, having a water front of 
one and a half miles. Little Traverse Bay is nine miles long; from a 
width of six miles at the mouth, the shores gradually approach each 
other, until only two miles apart, forming the head of the bay into a half 
circle. The bay is here enclosed by high table lands or higher hills that 
approach the water in a succession of natural terraces, having the ap- 
pearance of a vast amphitheatre, with an elevation of 200 feet above the 
bay. In the centre of this stands Petoskey, at an elevation of fifty feet. 
From this point the ground rises gradually to the natural limits of the 
town, thus giving to every one the benefits of the mild and invigorating 
breezes, and opening to all the beautiful views of the lake, bay and 
opposite shore. 

Bay View, not quite two miles distant, comprising three hundred and 
sixty acres of land, extending for one and one-fourth miles along the 
beach, and one-half mile back is a resort owned by the Michigan Camp 
Ground Association — Methodist. A great part of the land is platted into 
lots, and a large number of cottages, ranging in cost from $200 to $1 ,000 
have been built. The Bay View Hotel, and many of the cottages are 
supplied with clear, cold water through pipes from a never-failing spring 
on a hill side, seventy feet above the grounds. The natural terraces 
afford delightful sites for residences, and facing as they do the beautiful 
little bay, form a most attractive and quiet summer home. 

104 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



IGNATIUS PETOSKEY— In 1787, Nee-i-too-shing, " Early Dawn," 
a chief of the Chippewas, with others of his tribe, went down the 
lake shore on a hunting and trapping expedition, and camped on the 
Manistee river, at a point where the city of Manistee now stands. On 
returning to his rude home in the early morning, he put back the deer 
skin door and turned to look at the sun, which, as it rose above the 
horizon, flashed its first bright shafts of light into his lodge. At that 
moment the first cry of his new-born child came to his ear and he 
exclaimed : " Neyas Pe-to-se-ga,"— Rising Sun. It was very fitting 
that the heir of " Early Dawn " should be thus titled. The home of 
this chief was about 7 miles northwest of Harbor Springs, and the time 
was when 4,000 warriors could be mustered from the regions about this 
bay. At 22 years of age, Pe-to-se-ga took for a wife a maiden named 
Keway-ka-ba-wi-kwa, raised a family of fourteen children, and became 
a chief and proprietor of nearly all the land now covered by the village 
site. Missionaries persuaded him that Neyas was an abbreviation of 
Ignatius, and thus he became Ignatius Pe-to-se-ga. The present village 
of Petoskey is indebted to this old chieftain, who still resides within 
her limits, for her name, 



corrupted. Russianized 
or Yankeeized from the 
more musical and ances- 
tral original. She cer- 
tainly had no reason to 
be ashamed of her pedi- ' 
gree, for the chief for | 
whom she was christen- j 
ed has many sterling 
traits of character. The , 
old gentleman may be ' 
found at his comfort- , 
able home, a neat two I 
story frame house on , 
the bluff just beyond , 
Bear River, on the out- 
skirts of the town. He 
cannot be understood 
however except through 
an interpreter. 



V \^^' «'\^; 




Old Chief Petoskey. 



105 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



Harbor Springs is on the north side of Little Traverse Bay, four 
miles from Petoskey and Bay View. The village is located on a beauti- 
ful harbor, formed by Harbor Point, projecting into the bay, and enclos- 
ing a surface of water a mile in length and half a mile in width. The In- 
dians call this small bay Wequetonsing. The shore is a pebbly beach, 
washed by waters of such crystal purity that fish and other objects are 
plainly visible upon the bottom, at a depth of thirty to fifty feet. All 
along the waters' edge are large springs, from which gush streams of 
water as clear as air, and only twelve to fourteen degrees above freezing 
point, the health giving properties of which are truly marvelous. 

The land rises some ten or fifteen feet, the business portion of the 
town being located on the level. Back of this rises an abrupt bluff 
seventy-five to one hundred feet. Fine building sites are found on the 
terraced plateau above. A small trout creek starting from the springs, 
winds its way across the lower flat and flows into the bay. 

The history of the place is full of interest. Pieces of ancient 
pottery have been found here, indicating that it was once a stopping 
place frequented by the extinct race of mound builders on their journeys 
from Mexico to the Lake Superior mines. Forages it was a camping 
ground for the Indians, for whom it was well situated, its harbor 
being secure and abounding in fish. For many years it was a cen- 
tral point for the payment of annuities, and was a trading post next in 
importance to Mackinac. There are a few Indians still left who retain 
all the characteristics of their race. 

Among the many curious legends concerning the place, one relates 
to Devil's Pond, an innocent looking pool near the portage of Harbor 
Point, where the Indians believe the bad spirit dwelt until frightened 
away by the noise of the white man's saw mill. The scenery in this 
vicinity is beautiful : at the foot of the bluffs a picturesque village, then 
the harbor, a lovely sheet.of water, reflecting on its placid bosom the 
drifting clouds, stars and trees, every tint being mirrored with per- 
fect distinctness. Beyond is the open bay, with the surrounding shores 
rising in a succession of wooded hills. Through the trees on the oppo- 
site shore is seen Bay View and Petoskey, and to the right is the broad 
expanse of Lake-Michigan. 

Eighteen miles west from Petoskey, on the shore of Lake Michigan 
is located the charming village of Charlevoix, near which, between 
Round and Pine Lakes, is the Chicago Summer Resort and the Charle- 
voix Summer Resort, comprising seventy-five acres. 

While all. of these resorts share in the climatic advantages of 
Northern Michigan, each one has local advantages peculiar to itself, 

106 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



MARGARET BOYD, or " Aunt Margaret," as she is familiarly called, 
is a woman with a history, an Ottawa indian, born at Little Traverse 70 
years ago. She is a daughter of a right royal line of chiefs, as is 
evinced by the carriage of her head, the flash of her eye and the 
beauty and -smallness of her hands and feet. She has a fair education 
and speaks English perfectly, has unbounded influence over the Indians, 
and has done Important work in translating for the church, its books 
into the Ottawa language. Her sympathies are entirely with her people, 
she is humiliated at their degradation, and indignant at the wrongs they 
suffer at the white man's hands. In 1876, Margaret had an interview 
with the President in the interest of some Indian families who failed to 
receive from the Government, deeds for their land. She was received 
with courtesy and 



assured that every 
thing should be 
made right. Presi- 
dent Grant intro- 
duced her to his 
wife and several 
other ladies, stum- 
bling badly overher 
long Indian name. 
Strangers always 
visit the antiquated 
Catholic church at 
Harbor Springs, 
founded more than 
200 years ago by 
Marquette. If the 
attendant priest 
happens to be ab- 
sent Aunt Margaret 
may generally be 
found at her house 
nearby. She will un- 
lock the church, give 
themahistoryofthe 
mission, and recite 
the wierd Indian 
legends of this 
lovely harbor. 




rfj»4^^-SK:"'^ Cf'^-^-s 



Margaret Boyd and Son. 

107 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



COURSES, RUNNING TIME AND POINTS OF INTEREST FROM 
MACKINAC ISLAND SOUTH TO CLEVELAND. 



LAKE HURON D I VISION— MACKINAC TO DETROIT. 

From St. Ignace — E. S. E., 25 minutes, to Mackinac Island. 

From Mackinac— S., 7 min. to range of Bois Blanc Island Light S. t. 
X S., 53 min. to Dummy Light, thence up the river to wharf at Cheboygan. 

From Cheboygan— N. E. x N. ^ N., 6 min. to Cheboygan Light; E. 
30 min. to Spectacle Reef Light; S. E. x E. -J E., 2 hrs. and 35 min. to 
Presque Isle Light; S. E. x S , 1 hour to Middle Island; S. 8. E., 50 min. 
to Thunder Bay Island Light; S. S. W., 6 min. to Thunder Bay Island 
Light second time; S. W. x W. 25 min. to North Point; N. W. i W. 40 
min. into Thunder Bay River to Alpena. 

From Alpena— S. E. x S. i- S., 1 hour and 5 mm. to Black River; 
S. ^ E., 40 min. to Sturgeon Point Light; S. W. x S., 15 min. to abreast 
of wharf; W. x S. ^ S., 5 minutes, to Harrisville. 

From Harrisville— G. E., 8 min,; S. -^ E., 30 min. to Miller's, Point; 
S. X W. i W., 20 min.; S. W. x S., 15 min. to abreast of wharf; W. x S., 5 
minutes to Oscoda. 

From Oscoda — E., 3 min., to clear the river; S. E. ^ E., 2 hours and 
40 minutes, to Point Aux Barques Light; S., S. E., 30 min. to abreast of 
Port Hope; S. x E., 30 min. to abreast of harbor of refuge; S. S. W., 8 
min. to Sand Beach. 

Sand Beach — E., S. E., 8 min.; S. ^ E., 3 hours and 50 min. to abreast 
of St. Clair river; S. W. x S. | S. 10 min., to Fort Gratiot. 

St. Clair river — Steamer keeps in the middle of the stream. 

From Lake St. Clair Canal — S. W. -^ S., 53 min; to Lake St. Clair Light 
Ship S. W. X W. f W., 13 min., to Wind Mill Pt. Light; S. W. i S., 7 min., 
to Belle Isle Light; S. W. x W. i W., 12 min., to Walkerville; S. W. x S., 
13 min., abreast of Wayne St. wharf; Detroit. 

LAKE ERIE DIVISION— DETROIT TO CLEVELAND. 

From Michigan Central Railroad wharf, foot of Third Street. 
S. W. f W., 4 min. to Sandwich Point; S. W. x 8. 5 min. to Fort Wayne; 
S. W. X S. f S., 16 min. to Fighting Island; 8. i W., 3^ min., to Grassy 
Island Light; S. i W., 8,V min., to Mammy Judy Light; S. x W., 4|- min., to 
Grosse Isle; S. x E., 16 min., to Lime Kiln Crossing; 8. x W., 3 min., to 
head of Bois Blanc Island; S. i E., 3 min., to Amherstburg; 8., 4^ min., 
to Bois Blanc Light; S. x W. ^ W., 10 min., out of the river; 8. -J W. 
5 min.; S. x E., 5 min.; 8. E. } 8.-, 2 min., to Bar Point Light Ship; 8. E. x E. 
■| E., 55 min., to Colchester Light Ship; 8. E. x E. -| E., 1 hr. and 5 min., to 
Point Pelee Island Light; S. E | E., 25 min., to Dummy; S. E. ^ E., 3 hrs, 
and 25 min., to Cleveland piers; then into river, to wharf at Cleveland. 

108 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



JEFF, is a character well-known to the travelling public, whonn he 
has served in many different ways as a polite and attentive servant. 
Having once conne in contact with his bright, good-natured face, his 
comicalities of manner, and truly original speech, his personality is not 
easily forgotten. Born in Connecticut in 1829, he at an early age 
entered the service of the old time canal packets, between Buffalo and 
Rochester, where as steward, he successfully served seventy-five and 
one hundred passengers with the best the market afforded, out of a 
kitchen four by six feet. 



Neither could he 
be out-done as a 
swift runner. The 
toot of the bows- 
man's horn, and cry 
" hard to the tow 
path," found him, 
mail bag on shoul- 
der, ready foraleap 
and half mile run to 
the p o s t-office. 
With mail changed 
he would reach the 
next landing by the 
time the packet ar- 
rived. 

In 1849, the fam- 
ous May Flower, 
plyingbetween Buf- 
falo and Detroit, 
attracted him, 
where as barber, he 
shaved many an 
innocent, bound 




JEFF— "Last Call for Dinner." 



west. In 1854, he 
attached himself to 
the new steamer 
Plymouth Rock, of 
the same line, and 
remained until the 
Michigan Central 
railroad introduced 
sleeping cars. 

Jeff was the first 
conductor to run a 
Pullman' sleeping 
c a r into Detroit. 
He continued in the 
service in different 
parts of the country 
until the fame of 
the steamer City of 
Cleveland revived 
his love for a fast, 
elegant steamer. 
At length he was 
rewarded for his 
staunch republican 



principles, by a share in the spoils at Lansing, where he was appointed 
door-keeper to the House of Representatives during the winter of 
1882-3. 

The patrons of the steamer City of Cleveland, whether during her 
seasons in the Lake Superior line, or latterly, in the no less popular 
route to Mackinac Island, will all recall with a smile and kindly word 
the merry twinkle of his eye, as he announced " sour tartarians," and 
" the last call for dinner." 

109 



A Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac 



STEAMERS 

CITY OF MACKINAC AND CITY OF 

FOUR ROUND TRIPS PER WEEK. 



CLEVELAND. 



Central standard Time. GOING NORTH. 


24 O'clock Systenn, 


Dis. 


Dis. 
bet. 
Ports. 


LEAVE 


LEAVE. 


LEAVE. 


Detroit. 


DAYS. O'clock. 


DAYS. O'clcck. 




Detroit 


Wednesdays 

Fridays. 10.00 


Mondays 




S'4 hours. 


Saturdays. 22.00 


50 


50 


Marine City . . . 

45 minutes. 


13.30 


Tuesdays ^ „ 
Sundays 1.30 


58 


8 


St. Clair 

1 hour. 


14.20 


2.20 


70 


12 


Port Huron 

10 minutes. 


16.00 


7.00 


72 


2 


Fort Gratiot. . . . 

4 hrs. 10 min. 


16.15 


7.15 


137 


65 


Sand Beach 

3 hrs. 40 min. 


21.00 


12.00 


195 


58 


Au Sable ) 

Oscoda ) 

Ihr. 15 min. 


Thursdays i on 
Saturdays. ' -^^ 


16.30 


213 


18 


Harrisville 

2 hrs. 15 min. 


2.45 


17.45 


245 


32 


Alpena 


7.00 


22.00 




6 hrs. 45 min. 


Wednesdays 


353 


108 


Cheboygan 

1 hr. 


15.00 


Mondays. 6. 00 


370 


17 


Mackinac Island. 

25 minutes 


16.30 


7.30 


377 


7 


St. Ignace. Arrive. 


17.00 


"Arrive 8.00 



Central Standard Time 



GOING SOUTH. 



24 O'clock System. 



Dis. 


Dis. 


LEAVE. 


LEAVE. 


LEAVE. 


Ignace. 


Ports. 


DAYS. O'clock. 


DAYS. O'clock. 


7 


7 


St. Ignace.. . . . 

25 minutes. 
Mackinac Island. 


Thursdays 

Saturdays. 20.30 

" 21.15 


Wednesdays 

Mondays. 10.30 

11.15 


24 


17 


1 hour. 

Cheboygan 


22.45 


12.45 


132 


108 


6 hrs. 30 min. 
Alpena. 


'"'^^^Sundays. 8.00 


20.45 


164 


32 


2 hrs. 15 min. 
Harrisville 


10.20 


23.00 


182 


18 


1 hr. 15 min. 

Au Sable [ 

Oscoda j 


12.00 


Thursdays 

Tuesdays. 24.30 


240 


58 


3 hrs. 40 min. 
Sand Beach. . . . 


16.00 


4.30 


307 


67 


4 hrs. 10 min. 

Port Huron 

3 hrs. 55 min. 


20.30 


9.30 


377 


70 


Detroit. . . .Arrive 


Saturdays 

Mondays. 1 .UU 


"Arrive 14.00 



110 



By Steamers, from Cleveland and Detroit. 



24 O'clock System.— Messrs. Roehm and Wright, watchmakers 
of Detroit, recently showed us the dial given below as one already 
adopted by a leading watchmaker. It illustrates how readily time 
pieces can be adapted to this system. The outer row of figures denote 
the first twelve hours from midnight, the inner row from noon until twenty- 
fouro'clock, or midnight. "Nothing new," wastheground recently taken 
by the Commissioners of Patents in denying a patent for a twenty-four hour 
dial. This method of measuring time dates back to Alfred the Great, who 
made use of candle clocks, consisting of six candles, twelve inches in 



length, the in- 
ch e s marked 
on each. 
These burned 
four hours 
each, or an inch 
every twenty 
minutes, the six 
candles lasting 
twenty -four 
hours. We 
have recently 
discovered that 
many things 
antique are 
superior to the 
modern, and 
may not this be 
the case in the 
present meth- 
od of comput- 




I n g time? 
Certainly the 
twenty -four 
o'clock system 
would prove a 
great conven- 
ience, especi- 
ally to the trav- 
eling public. 

There being 
twenty -four 
hours, why not 
have a name 
for each partic- 
ular hour, then 
there would be 
n o necessity 
for the "A. M." 
and " P. M." 
which often 
leads to errors. 



Dial Showing the 24 O'clock System, 
and as attention is being called to this easier and more satisfactory 
method, it would seem strange if business men who are studying accu- 
racy and system in everything else should not finally adopt this better 
system of time. On ten o'clock being given as the hour of departure 
of steamer or train, how often is the question asked " morning or even- 
ing," while 22 o'clock would clearly indicate the time to be within two 
hours of midnight. From one o'clock in the morning until twelve 
o'clock noon the hours are the same as ever, but after twelve o'clock 
noon, the hours would run thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, etc., up to 
twenty-four o'clock, which is midnight. Twelve deducted from the 
afternoon hours shows the time in the old way again. 

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